改革开放30年我国科技人才战略与政策演变

研究了改革开放30年来中国科技人才战略与政策的演变历程。按照时间段的划分,中国科技人才战略与政策可分为3个阶段:1978—1991年,提出"尊重知识,尊重人才"的重要指导方针;1992—2001年,科技人事制度改革日益深化;2002年至目前,实施人才强国战略阶段。描述了每个阶段的背景、主要政策特点以及演变原因。     

新时期中国旅游业可持续发展探讨

旅游业是我国的朝阳产业和新的经济增长点,在国民经济中发挥日益重要的作用。分析旅游业可持续发展的内涵和特点,并结合科学发展观和社会主义和谐社会建设的新形势,构建一套旅游业可持续发展的评价指标体系,提出促进旅游业可持续发展的若干对策措施。     

试析制约高职院校科研发展的因素

高职院校应重视和加强科研工作,通过科研来增强办学实力、树立良好社会形象、扩大知名度。而这一点目前还未被所有的高职院校所重视,以致高职院校的科研工作与普通高校相比呈现出明显的劣势。通过分析制约高职院校科研工作发展的因素,探寻改变高职院校科研现状和加快高职院校科研发展的有效途径。     

改革理论大争论与科学改革观的创立

本文认为,对于改革理论大争论,不能做鸵鸟把头埋在沙子里,而必须面对和正视,以平和的心态看待改革理论大争论,以理性的态度揭示存在的深层次矛盾,深入探索科学改革观,促进改革全面、协调、渐进、稳定地进行。     

四川省农业科研机构的产出能力测评

本文从四川省农业科研机构的产出能力入手来分析科研机构投入产出的效率及其影响因素,产出能力评价结果显示,四川省农业科研机构产出能力普遍较低并且差异巨大,差异主要来自于潜在产出能力;科研机构产出的现实能力和潜在能力不完全吻合.进一步分析投入产出之间的关系显示,产出的效率受到投入总量、投入结构、体制改革和机构内部管理四个要素的影响.     

人才计划激发高层次科技人才的成就动机吗？

面对人才计划是激励了科技人才,还是诱发了科技人才急功近利、心浮气躁的争议,本文系统梳理了人才计划选育人才特点和实践过程中存在的功能异化问题,构建了包含成就动机的科技人才激励理论模型分析框架,并使用全国科技工作者调查数据和倾向得分匹配方法,实证检验人才计划激励高层次科技人才成就动机的净效应。结果表明：(1)人才计划的特点是强调以人为本,旨在培养和提高科技人才的创新研究能力,鼓励人才自由探索和根本创新,但实施过程中存在政策工具的过度使用、薪酬待遇和资源的过度倾斜等问题;(2)适度科研经费支持有助于强化科技人才的成就动机,而过度强调绩效激励则可能产生挤出效应;(3)入选人才计划对高层次科技人才成就动机的激发作用是显著的,在继续推进人才计划支持方式的同时应正视弊端、系统谋划。     

基础研究动态社团演化规律研究

从社团演化入手,构建基础研究动态社团演化分析框架,揭示基础研究科技人才队伍发展规律。首先,构建基础研究动态科研合作网络,运用派系过滤算法提取静态社团,基于社会分层理论与帕累托原则改进即时最优法,揭示关键学者在动态社团识别中的作用;其次,改进动态社团生命周期模型,增加稳定事件以更好地描述动态社团演化活跃度;再次,基于系统理论与竞合理论,从结构、演化和产出3个方面提取16个动态社团演化特征要素,并将其划分为规模与数量、产出与速度、竞合与活跃性、发展与延续性4部分,分析动态社团演化规律。基于以上研究,以集成电路领域为案例,比较中美前沿领域基础研究动态社团发展现状,并给出我国基础研究管理与人才培养的对策建议。     

Overconfidence and Resistance to Abandoning Unprofitable Capital Budgeting Projects: The Effects of Autonomy,Internal Audit,and Accountability

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of managers' autonomy in choosing a capital budgeting project has on their confidence in managing the project. Furthermore, this study examines the role that internal audit reports and accountability play in mitigating the impact of autonomy on managers' resistance to abandoning unprofitable capital budgeting projects. Building on motivated reasoning theory, we hypothesize and find that managers who are given autonomy to choose their own projects are more confident that their projects will be successful than managers who are assigned the projects by their superiors. This study also shows that internal audit reports and accountability are effective mechanisms for reducing the influence of prior decisions on managers' resistance to abandoning unprofitable projects.     

The impact of collaboration on research about rural buildings and landscape: A case study in Italy

The importance of collaboration among peers in science is widely investigated: an essential issue is the relevance of credits shared among scholars for the good faith and cooperation in research projects. Despite its significance, so far in Italy the usefulness of collaboration in research activities is not taken in due consideration by both scientific community and research assessment bodies. In this study, the main aim is at investigating the actual up today extent of scientific collaboration among colleagues belonging to the Italian Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SDS) “AGR10 Rural buildings and agro-forest land planning”. We focus on research projects dealing with territory, landscape and rural buildings with the scope of raising consciousness on the key role of collaboration with other SDSs, international institutions or organizations. We harvested data through an on-line questionnaire about several research projects, scrutinized the responses, and found that the core area of current research developed by AGR10 colleagues includes topics concerning the analysis and planning of landscape. Furthermore, we found that the design of international project proposals attains mostly rural buildings and rural heritage analysis, reuse and enhancement, rural buildings and landscape integration, and rural buildings design. While the size of partnerships on international research activities is still limited, as for external synergies the SDS AGR01 ‘Agricultural Economics and Rural Appraisal’ is the most representative, and other SDSs involving ‘Ecology’ and ‘Informatics’ deserve to be mentioned. So, this study has been designed with the secondary aim of stimulating Italian -as well as other international- scientific communities in promoting similar investigations concerning the importance of collaboration and cross-fertilization for successful research activities. As a major output, official national or international research assessment authorities would be provided by a method for better appreciating the usefulness of collaboration and interdisciplinarity.     

国内外科技成果转化模式的比较与研究

总结国内外科技成果转化的典型案例,系统地分析其技术转移模式、转化平台搭建和运营管理机制等方面的做法及特点,归纳与总结其在科技成果转化体制机制上的创新之处,并探索从政府监督引导、产学研介合作、成立专业机构、注重长远效益等方面给出进一步推动科技成果转化的思考和建议。