商业银行客户信用评级研究--基于平衡计分卡视角

信贷业务是国内商业银行的主营业务,客户信用评级作为控制商业银行信贷风险的重要一环是商业银行进行授信、贷款审批和贷后管理的基础。客户信用评级体系的开发和完善也成为了当前银行工作的重点。文章基于平衡计分卡的视角,针对当前商业银行客户信用评级管理的现状与不足,从四个方面对评级指标进行选取。同时使用层次分析法对指标体系进行权重分配并设定相应的评分标准和客户信用等级,最后通过案例分析对模型的操作性和有效性进行了验证。文章的评级模型并不同于国外研究论述的数学模型,其在操作上更加简便,信息获取也较为方便,更加适合当前我国商业银行借鉴和使用,因此也在一定程度上对我国商业银行客户信用评级体系的不断完善提供了参考意见。     

The winner-loser anomaly: recent evidence from Greece

This article finds evidence of significant reversals in returns over the medium term in Greek stocks. In contrast with previous research, return reversals are more pronounced for past winners, suggesting that the market overreacts to a greater extent to good news. These contrarian returns are particularly elevated when portfolios are formed using quartiles and during tranquil and bull markets. The optimum contrarian strategy involves skipping the first 6 months of the holding period and implementing the contrarian strategy for a period of 18 months, as returns exhibit continuation followed by reversal. The profitability of the contrarian investment strategy is robust to adjustments for risk and seasonalities. It is the tranquil times and not the crisis/volatile times that generates a significant and profitable contrarian strategy. The recent credit crisis and resulting stock market falls, resulted in extreme movements in some Greek stocks and testing of the contrarian strategy problematic, especially when portfolios are decile ordered. Our findings also highlight the importance of survivorship bias and also suggest that contrarian strategies that just use market beta may be ill-equipped to take into consider extreme market movements, illiquidity and short-sales constraints.     

国际信用评级体系改革与中国评级业发展展望

国际金融危机和欧洲主权债务危机的爆发,凸显出现行国际信用评级体系存在的种种弊端。该文指出,现行国际信用评级体系的根本缺陷在于高度垄断,为此应通过加强内部治理和外部监管推动现有评级行业的改革,并推动国际信用评级行业新秩序的建立。中国应从宏观政策层面出台措施,扶持和推动本国自主信用评级体系的做大做强,并参与到国际信用评级体系的重建中。     

金融生态建设与信贷风险控制——一个基于破产金融机构信贷风险的实证分析

金融生态建设是一项长期的、复杂的系统工程,金融生态环境与银行信贷风险息息相关。本文通过对破产金融机构信贷风险的实证分析,指出我国县域金融机构金融生态的劣质性主要是制度性欠缺导致的,其中的关键是管理制度不规范,包括行政制度、信贷制度、法律制度与信用制度的缺失,从而导致信贷风险等一系列问题的发生。最后,本文提出金融生态的改良必须彻底转换政府理念,实施金融机构战略转型,并在全社会推进信用工程建设。     

出口信用保险在国际贸易中的作用

信用保险出口是我国对外贸易企业开拓国际市场、防范风险的有力保障。如果有更多的企业能主动地利用出口信用保险 ,则有利于提高我国企业在国际市场上的竞争力     

Optimal mixed taxation,credit constraints,and the timing of income tax reporting

We study optimal income and commodity tax policy with credit‐constrained low‐income households. Workers receive an even flow of income during the tax year, but report their incomes and make tax payments (receive transfers) at the end of the year. They spend their disposable income on multiple commodities over the year. We show that differentiated subsidies on commodities can be optimal even if the Atkinson–Stiglitz Theorem conditions apply. When the optimal policy leaves low‐income households with binding credit constraints, it may be optimal to subsidize differentially the good that they consume in higher proportion. Uniform subsidies would also relax the credit constraint, but would be more costly to the government since they would equally benefit unconstrained households. Numerical examples suggest that commodity tax differentiation increases with basic needs and with the interest rate at which government borrows.     

How Media Coverage of Corporate Social Irresponsibility Increases Financial Risk

Research summary: This article explores the relationship between corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) and financial risk. We posit that media coverage of CSI generates risk by providing conditions that increase the potential for stakeholder sanctions. Through analyzing an international panel of 539 firms during 2008–2013, we find that firms receiving higher CSI coverage face higher financial risk. We show that the reach of the reporting media outlet is a critical condition for this relationship. Once the outlet has a high reach, the severity of CSI coverage is a boundary condition that further reinforces the effect. Our findings complement existing theory about the risk‐mitigating effect of corporate social responsibility by illuminating the risk‐generating effect of CSI coverage. For executives, these insights suggest complementary strategies for corporate risk management. Managerial summary: This article examines the effect of negative news on financial risk. It shows that negative media articles regarding environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues increase a firm's credit risk. It also provides a detailed analysis of the impact of an article's reach and severity, i.e., how many readers are exposed to the article and how harshly it criticizes the firm. The results allow to quantitatively assess the risk that emanates from negative ESG news. For executives, three strategies are derived for limiting a firm's exposure to this risk: balancing corporate social responsibility programs with operational safety programs, reporting suboptimal environmental and social performance transparently and proactively, and avoiding acquisition targets and markets with a legacy of negative news. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国银行卡市场发展状况与对策研究

银行卡是具有存款、取款、转账结算、消费等功能的信用支付工具。我国银行卡市场经过二十几年的发展,取得了重大成就。本文从我国银行卡市场的发展状况入手,分析了发展中存在的问题,在此基础上提出了加快我国银行卡市场快速健康发展的对策建议。     

商业银行信贷风险分析及对策研究

商业银行作为经营货币的金融中介组织,自有资本占比低这一特点决定了其本身具有较强的内在风险特性,而银行贷款质量的优劣,信贷资产所面临风险的大小,对银行的经营成果乃至生存发展有着至关重要的影响。目前中国商业银行信贷风险管理中存在着一定的问题和缺陷,这使得中国的商业银行在参与国际金融市场的竞争中处于不利的地位。     

我国商业银行贷款定价模型设计

我国商业银行由于内部缺少贷款定价管理监督体制,没有科学的贷款定价计量公式,成本和风险对贷款定价的约束力降低,造成国内商业银行之间价格战加剧,违规操作增加,信贷风险加大,银行经营效益降低。本文从信贷市场实际情况出发,针对我国商业银行贷款定价现状和存在问题,试图通过在商业银行内部建立贷款定价的计量公式和贷款定价管理体制,从成本和风险管理的角度来降低商业银行信贷风险,提高经营效益,增强商业银行竞争力。最终结论就是银行应该兼顾银行和企业的情况,既要注意本行贷款的成本和承担的风险,也要照顾到企业给银行的带来的综合收益。