科技经费的监管模式研究

科技经费的监管显得越来越重要,主要决定于：一方面,我国科技投入长期不足;另一方面,我国有限的科研经费经常“跑冒滴漏”,利用率低下,浪费现象十分严重; 再一方面,我国正努力建设创新型国家,科技投入强度将快速提升（科技投入占GDP的比重由2006年的1.41%提升到2020年的2.5%）。分析了科技经费背后的不端行为,探讨了3种科技经费监管模式,并提出了切实加强科技经费监管的对策。     

基于DEA的高等教育科技资源配置效率评价分析——以黑龙江省为例

高等教育科技资源能否优化配置,不仅关系到高等教育的教学、科研和社会服务产出能力的提高,更关系到科技可持续发展能力和区域经济发展核心竞争力的提升。利用DEA方法及模型,对黑龙江省高等教育科技源配置状况进行了相对有效性评价与比较分析,以推动各地区高等教育资源优化配置,促进高等教育与区域经济的良性、互动发展,提升区域创新能力和竞争力。     

从社会资本视角看技术转移中隐性知识的转化

技术转移中的隐性知识在现代企业发展中有其不可忽视的作用,然而由于隐性知识特性、技术转移方式、技术转移双方主客观等因素的存在,其作用有所抑制。以社会关系网络为载体的社会资本,对于这种知识的转化、共享提供了一个很好的交流平台,它使得技术转移双方通过频繁互动和便利有效的交流完成隐性知识的交换与转化。     

Eco-efficiency guiding micro-level actions towards sustainability: Ten basic steps for analysis

This paper looks at the compatibility between technological improvements at the micro-level and sustainability at the macro-level. The two main approaches to prevent environmental degradation are technological improvement and economic degrowth. How do we establish the sustainability of technological options? LCA-type analysis of the technology system, combined with economic cost analysis, offers a first integrated eco-efficiency score. However, such a technology analysis focuses on micro-level technology relations only, is usually too optimistic and ignores other constraints implied in a choice.Fitting more comprehensive knowledge into the sustainability evaluation of options requires a unifying systematic framework, which is worked out in the present paper as a ten-step procedure. The integrative framework for empirical analysis is ultimately a comparative-static systems analysis at macro-level, not in a deterministic dynamic mode, which is impossible, but as a knowledge-fed scenario analysis. The analysis shows the change in society's overall eco-efficiency, combining total value creation with total environmental impacts.Possible domains of application include not only technology choices like those in eco-innovation, including changed consumption styles and volumes, but also changes in policies regarding technologies and markets, whether direct policy shifts or indirect changes through institutional adaptations. Ultimately, such a framework also allows culturally framed questions about the type of society we would like to live in, to be analysed in terms of their economic and environmental consequences.     

Institutions and the R&D of GM-crops

This paper analyzes how different institutional structures shape the research and development (R&D) of genetically modified crops (GM-crops). Whether this R&D is conducted within companies, cooperatives or public research organizations (both publicly and privately funded R&D) is expected to influence the type of crops and traits that are developed and therefore the effects on society and ecosystems that potentially could follow from the use of GM-crops. This issue is analyzed empirically by statistical analysis of 1323 notifications for field trials with GM-crops that have been submitted under two EU Directives in seven European countries. The results show that the type of R&D organization influences the traits and crops that are developed. Companies are more likely to submit notifications that concern GM-crops that secure the potential for profit than are other types of R&D organizations, while R&D organizations that are purely publicly funded are more likely to submit notifications that only concern biosafety research than are cooperatives and companies. Consideration of the environment, food safety and food security might justify institutional reforms of R&D of GM-crops. This might include increased public funding combined with changes in intellectual property rights.     

技术变迁与城市化:理论与经验研究

本文从技术变迁的视角来研究城市化,从理论和经验两个方面分析技术变迁对城市化的作用机制,探索在技术变迁的推动下形成的城市化路径。首先从城市化的一般机理入手,不断深入研究城市跟农村技术进步以及二者之间的技术转移对城市化的作用机制。最后运用我国的经验数据做结构向量自回归模型,验证城乡技术变化与城市化之间的关系,并做脉冲响应实验。同时也为我国新农村建设战略提供理论支持。我国在城市化过程中存在着很多问题,要解决这些问题必须依靠新农村建设,提高农村的技术水平。     

A hard slog, not a leap frog: Globalization and sustainability transitions in developing Asia

How does globalization influence transitions toward more sustainable socio-technical regimes in the developing world? This paper argues that transformations of regimes, the networks and institutions governing technological and environmental practices in an industry, can be positively influenced by globalization but it depends on how global forces interact with local socio-political landscapes—the political-economic institutions, values, and regulations broadly guiding an economy and its relationship to the environment. We evaluate these relationships through a comparison of two kinds of socio-political landscapes—the neo-liberal export-led development model commonly found in the developing world and the uniquely Asian capitalist developmental state. We first show how the neo-liberal model overemphasizes the power of market forces to facilitate upgrading and more sustainable industrialization. We then argue that capitalist developmental states in East and Southeast Asia have been better able to harness global economic forces for technological and sustainability transitions through an openness to trade and investment and effective public-private institutions able to link cleaner technologies and environmental standards to production activities in firms. We buttress this argument with firm-level evidence showing the evolution of socio-technical regimes in two industries—cement and electronics. The case studies demonstrate how interactions with OECD firms can contribute to environmental technique effects provided the socio-political landscape is amenable to changes in an industry's regime. Ultimately, we find the process of transition to be complex and contingent; a hard slog not a leap frog toward a potentially more sustainable future. We close by considering the limitations on the capitalist developmental state model and with comments about what else needs to be learned about globalization's role in sustainability transitions.     

科技创新绩效：形成机理、影响因素及路径选择

在对国内外有关科技创新绩效的文献进行梳理的基础上,提出了科技创新绩效的过程—结果观,认为科技创新绩效并不仅仅表现为科技创新投入与产出的静态效果,更重要的是影响科技创新绩效的各种因素综合推动的过程。科技创新绩效的形成机理在于其形成、增进和优化的不断演进的过程。通过对科技创新绩效形成条件和影响因素的分析,提出了若干具有启发意义的提高科技创新绩效的选择路径。     

基于技术创新的供应链网络均衡研究

21世纪的竞争不再是企业与企业之间的竞争,而是供应链与供应链之间的竞争,供应链若想在日益激烈的竞争中获胜,就必须从产品款式或技术上连续不断地进行创新。分析了供应链网络中的交易过程和技术创新的价值,建立了具有库存、随机需求和技术创新的供应链网络均衡模型,并通过算例表明,在供应链网络中进行技术创新可以使供应商和零售商的利润都得到提高,以提高供应链的整体效用。     

竞争效应对外资企业向国内企业技术外溢的刺激作用

本文通过建立理论模型的方式,采用静态均衡分析的方法,讨论了竞争效应对外商投资企业向国内企业技术外溢的刺激作用。通过分析,本文证明了当东道国劳动力工资受到内外资企业劳动力需求的影响,且国内经济有一个有效的研发部门时,那么外商投资企业生产技术的改进会通过竞争效应推动国内企业的技术进步,且东道国的整体国民收入亦会随着外商投资企业技术水平的上升而增加。