服务驱动型企业价值创造模式创新理论研究

随着生产型经济的高度成熟和信息技术的飞速发展,人类社会的经济形态已逐步从工业化、信息化进入"服务化",形成了"服务经济",服务驱动型企业价值创造已成为企业生存与发展的必然选择。文章在梳理国内外关于服务经济发展及企业价值管理理论研究成果的基础上,探寻知识经济背景下企业价值创造发展逻辑,分析企业价值创造的驱动因素,创新企业价值创造模式及其运行机制,构建新的企业价值评价体系。文章研究认为,企业作为一种资源配置机制,以市场为基础,目标是实现价值增值。研究结果为企业转型升级和价值创造实践提供了一定的理论指导。     

制造企业服务化转型影响因素扎根研究

以16个服务化转型的制造企业案例为样本,运用扎根理论研究方法,深入挖掘制造企业服务化转型影响因素。研究发现了15项主要影响因素,类属于7大主范畴,包括产业链角色、战略规划、领导者能力、资源整合能力、技术创新能力、技术服务能力、商业模式创新。从“决策—能力—模式”3个层面构建作用机理模型,阐释了各因素对企业服务化转型的作用过程。研究结论有助于制造企业厘清服务化转型的影响因素,为企业转型提供理论支持。     

制造企业服务化初期战略转型模型设计

在分析战略转型构成要素基础上,构建制造企业服务化战略转型要素体系,提出服务化初期战略转型模型架构,从价值主张维度提出构建制造企业服务化项目矩阵、可行矩阵,确定项目优先序,以及动态更新的具体流程和方法;从人力、知识、信息、组织资源等维度提出跨部门人员合作、知识搜集与利用、信息软硬实力提升及综合服务能力优化等转型管理方法,以及各要素相互促进的制造企业服务化初期战略转型模型,为处于服务化转型初期阶段的制造企业提供有效的方法借鉴与决策参考。     

Uncovering the role of cross-border strategic alliances and expertise decision centralization in enhancing product-service innovation in MMNEs

Research is needed on effective servitization by multinational enterprises. This study examines whether Manufacturing Multinational Enterprises (MMNEs) can obtain better servitization outcomes by partnering with Knowledge Intensive Business Service (KIBS) firms and or by internationalizing their service function. In addition, the paper analyses the centralization of management decisions of human resources as an organizational mechanism to overcome coordination failure between product and service units. Our primary research data contain survey responses from 285 MMNEs collected in cooperation with an industry partner. Results show that cross-border strategic alliances and expertise decision centralization are critical to enhance product-service innovation.     

制造业投入服务化与碳排放强度——基于WIOD跨国面板的实证分析

本文利用WIOD的世界投入产出表和环境账户数据,测算了制造业完全碳排放强度,并分析了投入服务化对制造业完全碳排放强度的影响。研究结果显示,投入服务化可以降低制造业完全碳排放强度,但其对完全碳排放强度的作用要小于其对直接碳排放强度的作用。机制检验发现,投入服务化可通过提高制造业生产效率、替代能源要素和优化制造业结构等途径降低完全碳排放强度。分组检验发现,投入服务化对降低污染密集型制造业碳排放强度的效果大于非污染密集型制造业。从生产性服务类型来看,金融、租赁和商务服务化对降低制造业碳排放强度的作用最大,其次是邮电服务化等。分地区来看,投入服务化对降低中国制造业碳排放强度的作用明显大于发达经济体。本文结论说明,提高制造业投入服务化水平是协调各国制造业发展和资源环境约束的可行路径。     

制造业服务化研究回顾与未来展望

制造业服务化是制造业企业获得竞争优势的有效途径,但是在实施过程中容易出现"服务化困境"现象。本文以制造业服务化为主题,按照文献发展脉络与逻辑关系,从制造业服务化概念、驱动力和实现过程以及实现过程的保障因素对已有理论进展进行了评述,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Services growth options for B2B product-centric businesses

Many B2B companies that have traditionally been product-centric businesses (PCBs) are addressing the services opportunity (servitization), providing services aligned with customers' operations and/or that address products from other suppliers. The purpose of this paper is to create a new typology through which PCBs' services strategies can be categorised using these two dimensions, which is used to explore four services strategies and three growth options. Companies selling less complex products predominantly use services to enhance product differentiation, whereas those selling more complex products often undergo servitization, with opportunities and risks from each growth option. The risks of providing operations services are particularly noted since their successful provision requires significant changes to a PCB's activities. The results provide a critique of resource-based theory, specifically those resources that enable PCBs to create market differentiation through services. The importance of relational resources increases as services strategies involve products from other suppliers and customers' operations.     

Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance

As manufacturing businesses operate in an ever more competitive, global economy where products are easily commoditized, innovating by adding services to the core product offering has become a popular strategy. Contrary to the economic benefits expected, recent findings pinpoint implementation hurdles that lead to a potential performance decline, the so-called ‘servitization paradox’. In this paper, we analyze this paradox by disentangling the value creation and value appropriation processes of 44 national subsidiaries of a global manufacturing firm turned product-service provider, in the 2001–2007 period. Our findings show that the firm under study is able to successfully transcend the inherent substitution of products by services and to enact complementary sales dynamics between the two activities. Moreover, labor-intensive services such as maintenance, which imply higher levels of customer proximity, further enhance product sales. Empirical results also reveal a positive yet non-linear relationship between the scale of service activities and profitability: while initial levels of servicing result in a steep increase in profitability, a period of relative decline is observed before the positive relationship between the scale of services and profitability re-emerges. These findings suggest the presence of initial short-term gains but also indicate the existence of a ‘profitability’ hurdle; profitable growth seems feasible only to the extent that investments in service capability are translated into economies of scale. In helping to clarify the performance implications of service innovation, our findings suggest pathways to sustainable growth through servitization for manufacturing firms.     

制造业服务化背景下技能人才胜任力模型构建与评价

制造业服务化转型是“中国制造2025”的核心任务之一,对技能人才提出了更新、更高的要求。在分析制造企业服务化转型对技能人才胜任力需求的基础上,从专业知识与技能、学习与创新能力、客户协作意识与能力以及职业角色认同4个维度,构建并验证技能人才胜任力模型。在此基础上,运用主成分分析法对制造企业技能人才胜任力进行评价。结果显示：技能人才总体胜任力处于中等水平,其中专业知识与技能以及职业角色认同维度达到良好水平,学习与创新能力以及客户协作意识与能力维度偏低;90后技能人才的职业角色认同显著低于80后和70后,高级工和技师的总体胜任力相当,民营企业和小企业技能人才总体胜任力相对较低。     

区域服务化视角下产业协同集聚效应研究

基于2010—2018年中国省级面板数据,利用最小二乘虚拟变量模型和中介模型,对制造业与知识密集型服务业协同集聚的产业结构合理化效应、创新效应和经济增长效应以及三者间的进一步作用进行回归分析。结果表明,制造业与知识密集型服务业协同集聚能促进区域产业结构合理化、创新和经济增长,并通过产业结构合理化间接抑制经济增长,通过创新间接促进经济增长。其中,产业结构合理化呈现负向中介效应是因为其对经济增长的正向促进作用受产业协同集聚负向调节,绝大部分省域产业协同集聚水平已达到门槛值。