从人口规模看我国的就业问题

我国是世界上人口最多的国家,也是世界上劳动力资源最丰富的发展中国家,其就业压力也最大。近年来,失业问题已经引起了我国各级政府和社会各界的广泛关注。从人口规模角度探讨我国的就业问题,分析人口规模对就业的影响,这对实现我国经济发展战略,实现人口与经济、社会的协调发展都具有重要意义。     

动态能力、企业规模与双元创新关系研究——基于fsQCA方法的实证分析

对186家企业问卷数据进行模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA),探寻3种类型动态能力和企业规模等因素对双元创新的组合效应以及不同因素之间的互动关系。研究发现,分别存在两种等效路径支撑中国企业实现探索式创新和利用式创新;吸收能力作为核心条件存在,联合不同水平的机会识别、资源拼凑和企业规模,大大提高企业实现双元创新的可能性;此外,资源拼凑兼具探索性和利用性双重特征,联合机会识别促进双元创新,其中,资源丰裕的大规模企业更具优势。采用QCA构型研究方法,推动了企业创新行为选择的因果逻辑性研究,从单维视角向多维交互的整体视角转变,明确了各种类型动态能力与双元创新之间的关系以及不同能力间的依赖/替代关系。     

小企业需要怎样的金融服务——以义乌箱包行业为例

小企业金融服务是长期探讨和研究的话题,但很少有人会从小企业具体运行的业务模式和资金流向去分析探究其资金需求的特点,本文以具有准入门槛低、劳动就业容量大、生产涉及面广等特征的义鸟的箱包行业入手去分析小企业的金融服务需求,先分析了箱包行业的业务模式、再分析箱包行业的资金特征和对应的资金需求,再是银行可根据这些资金需求开展哪些业务创新,最后得出银行做好小企业金融服务的关键点是:寻求可靠的风险控制点,把可能产生的各类风险通过合理、规范的设计进行转移消除这个结论.     

Human resource issues and technology transfer

This paper examines the pivotal role of human resources in the successful acquisition, assimilation, diffusion and development of technology across international boundaries. A model of technology transfer which shows the interplay of factors that can affect the efficacy of technology transfer between entities across nations is presented. Other important considerations (on both the supplier and recipient sides) that can facilitate or impede the successful transfer of technology between entities or countries are also identified.     

Book Review

Following review of definitions of New Public Management (NPM), the paper assesses whether Canada has adopted the NPM, organized by Kernaghan and Charih's (1997) categories and using Loeffler's (1997) definition. Canada has reorganized the machinery of government, changed management methods and reduced the federal public sector substantially. Despite high debt, Canada's federal government reduced its expenditures and/or public service as much or more than the UK and New Zealand. Its expenditures as a proportion of GDP are now similar to those of the UK and New Zealand, the major proponents of NPM.     

Spatial Interaction,Spatial Multipliers and Hospital Competition

The hospital competition literature shows that estimates of the effect of local market structure (concentration) on pricing (competition) are sensitive to geographic market definition. Our spatial lag model approach effects smoothing of the explanatory variables across the discrete market boundaries, resulting in robust estimates of the impact of market structure on hospital pricing, which can be used to estimate the full effect of changes in prices inclusive of spillovers that cascade through the neighboring hospital markets. The full amount, generated by the spatial multiplier effect, is a robust estimate of the impacts of market factors on hospital competition. We contrast ordinary least squares and spatial lag estimates to demonstrate the importance of robust estimation in analysis of hospital market competition. In markets where concentration is relatively high before a proposed merger, we demonstrate that Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) can lead to the wrong policy conclusion while the more conservative lag estimates do not.     

西部地区钢铁规模问题探讨

文章阐述了西部地区钢铁工业现有规模和发展规模，探讨了钢铁市场容量及西部地区具备的优势，对西部地区钢铁工业发展需要处理好的几个关系进行了针对性的分析，以期对西部地区钢铁工业的发展有所启示。     

城市规模、空间距离与城市经济吸引区——一个简单的经济地理模型

本文从经济运行的微观基础出发，构建了一个简单的经济地理模型，并以此为基础对城市经济吸引区的相关问题进行了初步的探讨，解释了由“引力法则”和断裂点理论推导出的两个经验性推论：一是两个相邻且规模相等的城市其经济吸引区分界线为二者连线的中垂线；二是对于两个相邻但规模不相等的城市，则小城市的经济吸引区可能处于大城市吸引区的包围（或部分包围）之中。     

The Innovative Performance Of The World'S Largest Firms: Some New Evidence ‡

Data on R & D expenditures and US patenting in the world's 660 largest, technologically active firms both show a linear relation between firm size and the volume of innovative activities, despite some inconsistencies between the two measures. Technological diversity increases with firm size, but relatively weakly, especially in R & D-intensive sectors. Sectoral variations in the comparative technological advantage of large firms based in Japan, the USA and W. Europe are better explained by variations in rivalry in their home market than by variations in their size.     

人口老龄化必然导致资本替代劳动吗

经济学理论认为,人口老龄化会导致劳动力成本上升,从而改变企业的要素结构、通过资本替代劳动的方式应对,但不同类型的企业对老龄化做出的反应可能存在差异,需要进行深入分析。文章利用中国工业企业数据对上述问题进行了研究,实证结果显示：整体来看,人口老龄化显著提高了企业的资本劳动比,但资本劳动比的上升并不一定表现为资本对劳动的替代。在规模较大、融资约束较轻的企业,老龄化促使其用固定资产投资替代了劳动,但在规模较小和融资约束程度较为严重的企业,人口老龄化并没有显著提高其固定资产投资,只是缩小了其劳动力雇佣规模,说明企业规模和融资约束是影响企业要素结构升级的重要因素。此外,文章还发现人口老龄化主要促使企业利用资本替代低技能劳动力,而人口老龄化的资本替代劳动效应在资本密集型、生产率水平较高和非出口企业中更为显著。文章从微观企业投资视角拓展了人口老龄化的经济效应的研究范畴,并通过规模效应和融资约束角度分析了制约工业企业提高智能化生产程度的因素,从而对传统的见解提供了有益的补充。文章的研究结论能够为政府制定积极应对人口老龄化和助力企业要素结构升级的相关政策提供经验证据的支持。