社会资本外部性的经济分析——以信任关系为例

以往理论研究与经验研究均指出社会资本具有正面的效应,但对这种效应是怎样取得的并无共识.我们尝试建立一个不完全信息动态博弈模型,说明社会资本-信任如何产生正的外部性,亦即产生超出个体理性计算之外的利益.我们的分析得出这样的结论,在一个多人互动的环境中,能否达到彼此合作或彼此信任,虽然会受到欺骗者所遭到的惩罚与欺骗利益多少的影响,但主要受到所处环境中具有社会资本者人数比例的影响.因此,可以说社会资本具有正的网络外部性,信任者人数越多,信任者所享受到的利益越大.     

论企业社会责任的多元性

企业在为股东牟利之外，是否还应承担一定的社会责任，一直以来学术界并未形成一致的看法，并形成了反对社会责任论、单一社会责任论和多元社会责任论等三种流派。随着时代的发展，尤其是企业活动对外部社会的影响加剧，企业对利益相关者承担多元社会责任已成为一种客观必然，这不仅是外部社会对企业的要求，也是企业自身实现可持续发展的要求。但是，要求企业承担多元社会责任并不意味着要企业办社会或无限制地承担责任。     

中国城市农民工社会资本现状分析及解决途径

我国城市农民工处于城市边缘地带，社会资本占有贫乏。造成这种状况既有制度原因、城市居民的价值观念原因，亦有农民工自身的原因。我们应改变制度，改变城市居民价值观念，提高农民工综合素质，加快发展经济和加快城市化建设以增加城市农民工的补偿资本。     

管理文化演进的规律性探究

管理文化是指人类在管理活动中共同创造、共同维持、共同发展的物质财富和精神财富的总和。它包括四个层次的内容:一是管理物质文化,二是管理制度文化,三是管理意识文化,四是管理心理文化。管理文化的演进是按照这四个层次由低到高依次循环进行的。现代管理文化近百年的演进历程可分为三个大的周期。     

社会资本与妇女农民工就业

在妇女农民工从农业到非农业的职业流动过程中,社会资本是影响其流动决策的重要变量之一,对其就业发挥了不可替代的作用.但由于所拥有的社会资本量极其有限等重要因素的影响,妇女农民工基本上都属于"非正规就业",地位低下.改变这种状况的根本办法之一就是采取多种措施有效增加其社会资本的积累.     

大城市社会空间结构演变及其治理——以上海市为例

随着市场化改革的深入,当前中国大城市社会空间正呈现重构与分异的演变趋势,同时也带来许多城市社会问题.以上海为例,在分析当前中国大城市呈现的社会空间结构演变的特征基础上,分析了可能产生的负社会效应,并提出了一些城市空间治理的对策建议.     

Why Punish? Social reciprocity and the enforcement of prosocial norms

Recently economists have become interested in why people who face social dilemmas in the experimental lab use the seemingly incredible threat of punishment to deter free riding. Three theories with evolutionary microfoundations have been developed to explain punishment. We survey these theories and use behavioral data from surveys and experiments to show that the theory called social reciprocity in which people punish norm violators indiscriminately explains punishment best.JEL Classification: C91, C92, D64, H41 Correspondence to: Jeffrey P. CarpenterWe thank Carolyn Craven, Corinna Noelke and two referees for comments, and Middlebury College for financial assistance. In addition, Carpenter acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (SES-CAREER 0092953).     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

美国公司治理模式的变迁及启示

20世纪90年代以来美国的公司治理模式发生了重大变化，表现为：公司驻市场的作用减弱，机构投资者在公司治疗中的作用明显加强，董事会的职业化和独立化水平提高，员工开始参与企业治理，推进了产业民主化的进程，政府放松了对银行持有公司股票的限制。     

税务征收体制下的社会保险费征管制度建设研究

我国社会保险费征管体制改革正在不断深入。当前,社会保险费征管仍存在制度设计有待完善、法律依据不够清晰的问题。本文基于税收征管视角,对社会保险费征管制度进行了重新审视,在全面梳理了制约社会保险费征管制度完善的限制性因素的基础上,从科学设置社会保险费征管前置程序、全面构建社会保险费征管的保障程序等多个方面,对将社会保险费征管融入税收征管流程的可行性进行了分析和探讨,以期为我国社会保险费征管制度的完善提供参考。