多隔间车辆路径问题研究综述

随着不能混装货物需要同时进行配送要求的出现,以及现代物流中待运产品多样性特征的产生,多隔间车辆路径问题(MCVRP)于近年来逐渐受到关注。文章首先归纳了多隔间车辆路径问题的应用场景,并阐述了每种场景下使用多隔间车辆运输不相容货物的优点。然后,根据问题特征,对多隔间车辆路径问题研究进行归纳分类并就每类研究问题分别予以综述。最后,针对多隔间车辆路径问题在当前形势下面临的新挑战进行展望,并提出五个新的研究方向。     

Toward a theory of competencies for the management of product complexity: Six case studies

Business units in six Fortune 500 companies were studied to develop better understanding regarding drivers of product portfolio complexity and the means to manage them. Our research focuses on identifying important competencies for managing product portfolio complexity and on the development of appropriate theoretical explanations. We found three important competencies: product/technology portfolio strategy, organization and governance regarding complexity decisions, and product design and decision support systems. We explicate these competencies using a socio-technical systems theoretical perspective. Our findings provide the basis for a model describing the impact of complexity and complexity management on business unit profitability.     

Guest Editorial

Abstract

While some Internet-only retailers survive and prosper, for most, multichannel retailing provides a sustainable and attractive blend of new and existing retail formats. The complementary roles of stores and Internet are frequently noted, yet the renewed significance of catalogues is often ignored. This paper is based upon a survey of 2,341 shoppers across three product sectors and three shopping scenarios, identifying their relative utilization of, and attitudes towards, stores, catalogues and the Internet.

Principal component analysis and multi-attribute analysis (MAA) scores summarize attitudes across the three channels, sectors and motivational scenarios. Four major components in channel choice emerge consistently: risk reduction, product value, ease of shopping and experiential. K-Means clustering on preference and behavioural variables identifies the truly multichannel shopper segment. Key characteristics of these shoppers are summarized, demonstrating that the multichannel shopper comprises a large and mainstream segment. Implications are identified for retailers and researchers.     

Improving Electricity Market Price Forecasting with Factor Models for the Optimal Generation Bid

In liberalized electricity markets, the electricity generation companies usually manage their production by developing hourly bids that are sent to the day‐ahead market. As the prices at which the energy will be purchased are unknown until the end of the bidding process, forecasting of spot prices has become an essential element in electricity management strategies. In this article, we apply forecasting factor models to the market framework in Spain and Portugal and study their performance. Although their goodness of fit is similar to that of autoregressive integrated moving average models, they are easier to implement. The second part of the paper uses the spot‐price forecasting model to generate inputs for a stochastic programming model, which is then used to determine the company's optimal generation bid. The resulting optimal bidding curves are presented and analyzed in the context of the Iberian day‐ahead electricity market.     

基于工作过程的“企业所得税报税实务”课程开发与探究

企业所得税是税收实务教学中的难点,企业所得税的会计核算及纳税申报又是实务操作中的难点,基于工作过程系统化的职业课程设计理念,我们开发了＂企业所得税报税实务＂课程,本文论述了该课程的开发背景、课程设计、教学实施以及考核评价等内容。     

Convergence of Romanian and Europe Union agriculture – evolution and prospective assessment

This paper presents forecasts related to the evolution of agricultural production in Romania, relative to the European Union average and to other countries (France, Germany, and Hungary) while taking into consideration the production potential of Romanian agriculture and opportunities to mobilize certain additional financial sources intended for the growth of intermediate consumption and implicitly of the value of agricultural production. This undertaking is designed to identify the degree to which over the next 20 years, Romania can come closer to agricultural performance, standard of living and food quality levels of developed European countries. Current disparities are significant, and there is no promise that they will be eliminated or at least not for all indicators, as structural problems related to Romanian agriculture at this time can be addressed only over the long term. We use historical data drawn from national and international statistical databases and forecast of their evolution using power regression functions. For French, German, Hungarian and European Union-27 average values, the historical growth rate has been preserved, and we develop three scenarios (pessimistic, realistic and optimistic) for Romania based on annual growth rates of 3%, 3.5% and 4%. On the basis of these work assumptions, we forecast agricultural production value, gross added value and intermediate consumption per hectare of agricultural area utilized. From these indicators we find that by maintaining the same historical development rate for all countries, Romania cannot reach the average European Union-27 level or levels for the other countries studied (France, Germany and Hungary) until 2038. A realistic scenario that takes into account an annual growth rate of 3.5% would allow for the elimination of disparities while taking into account a new evolutionary perspective on agricultural production with new production structures based on the following factors: amalgamation of land, expansion of irrigated surfaces, growth of animal production shares, development of agricultural research, expansion of financing opportunities.     

A critical review of the application of environmental scenario exercises

Scenario exercises have become instrumental across multiple fields, from their original usage in business and military planning, to being ubiquitous in environmental planning and policy formation. This article critically reviews whether there are explicit and imminent divisions between how scenario exercises are used and discussed, with particular focus on the literature of qualitative scenarios concerning environmental challenges. The authors interrogate what scenario exercises are in actual practice, in the context of what they are used for and how they are designed, before then considering the criteria for determining ‘success’ for a scenario exercise. The particular focus of the literature analysed is in the emergence of the discipline of ‘environmental scenarios’, being scenarios concerned with 21st Century environmental challenges such as the influence of climate change on the notion of natural hazards.     

低碳经济的目标与经济发展的碳中性

二氧化碳排放是公共物品,其影响所及并非一家、一国而是全世界。全球气温升幅越大损失越大,升温宜控制在+2℃以内。全球每年若以1%GDP的减排投入,可避免每年5%～20%GDP的损失。以GDP数量增长推动经济繁荣的时代必须成为过去,低碳经济的成长方式以去物质化为必要条件以去碳化为充分条件,经济发展最终与碳排放脱钩。低碳经济标示一个新文明的开始它不仅涉及生产模式、生活方式、价值观念的改变,还涉及南北两个世界、穷国与富国间发展权益冲突的新平衡。     

交互设计初探

交互设计这门新学科的诞生归功于人们对交互体验的日益关注。作为一种让产品易用、有效并让使用者愉悦的技术，交互设计以用户为中心，采用人物角色（persona）、脚本提纲（scenarios）等方法，真正从用户角度出发来设计产品。