我国人民代表大会行使预算监督权的制度缺陷分析

各级人大的预算监督是预算监督体系中最为重要的一环,但多年以来由于诸多原因,人大的预算监督职能被严重弱化,其在预算监督体系中的主体地位无法体现,甚至有让位于其他监督形式的趋势,这不能不引起我们的重视。本文着重分析了阻碍人大充分发挥其职能的种种制度缺陷,以期对相关法律制度的健全有所帮助。     

The effect of cost management knowledge on the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance

This study investigates the relationship between budget participation (BP), cost management knowledge and managerial performance. It draws on relevant previous research in the theory of work performance and accounting to formulate the research questions. Eighty-three managers from Finnish companies participated in the study. Data were collected from the managers using a mail questionnaire. The results indicate that managers’ cost management knowledge, and especially the balanced perspective of cost management knowledge, moderates the effect of BP on self-perception of managerial performance. It was specifically found that the effect of BP on perceived managerial performance becomes more positive when managers’ cost management knowledge increases. High perception of managerial performance is obtained when both the BP and managers’ cost management knowledge are high. Our results suggest that organizations should improve the cost management knowledge of managers who participate in the budgeting process.     

完善我国政府非税收入预算管理的思考

本文介绍了我国政府非税收入预算管理的沿革,总结了我国政府非税收入预算管理的现状,分析了我国政府非税收入预算管理存在的问题,研究提出了完善我国政府非税收入预算管理的建议。     

网络营销及其策略组合分析

信息网络化的浪潮正在席卷全球 ,企业的生存竞争空间正逐步从传统市场转向网络空间市场。以 Internet为核心支撑的网络营销正在发展成为现代市场营销的主流。互联网对传统经营方式产生的巨大冲击 ,使网络营销形成了新的营销理念和策略。网络营销策略组合包括网页策略、产品策略、价格策略、促销策略和网络渠道策略及其相互组合。网络营销的理论基础包括直复营销理论、关系营销理论、软营销理论和整合营销理论。     

Economic impact of onabotulinumtoxinA for overactive bladder with urinary incontinence in Europe

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition that has a significant impact on patients’ health-related quality-of-life and is associated with a substantial economic burden to healthcare systems. OnabotulinumtoxinA has a well-established efficacy and safety profile as a treatment for OAB; however, the economic impact of using onabotulinumtoxinA has not been well described.

Methods: An economic model was developed to assess the budget impact associated with OAB treatment in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, using onabotulinumtoxinA alongside best supportive care (BSC)—comprising incontinence pads and/or anticholinergic use and/or clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC)—vs BSC alone. The model time horizon spanned 5 years, and included direct costs associated with treatment, BSC, and adverse events.

Results: Per 100,000 patients in each country, the use of onabotulinumtoxinA resulted in estimated cost savings of €97,200 (Italy), €71,580 (Spain), and €19,710 (UK), and cost increases of €23,840 in France and €284,760 in Germany, largely due to day-case and inpatient administration, respectively. Projecting these results to the population of individuals aged 18 years and above gave national budget saving estimates of €9,924,790, €27,458,290, and €48,270,760, for the UK, Spain, and Italy, respectively, compared to cost increases of €12,160,020 and €196,086,530 for France and Germany, respectively. Anticholinergic treatment and incontinence pads were the largest contributors to overall spending on OAB management when onabotulinumtoxinA use was not increased, and remained so in four of five scenarios where onabotulinumtoxinA use was increased. This decreased resource use was equivalent to cost offsets ranging from €106,110 to €176,600 per 100,000 population.

Conclusions: In three of five countries investigated, the use of onabotulinumtoxinA, in addition to BSC, was shown to result in healthcare budget cost savings over 5 years. Scenario analyses showed increased costs in Germany and France were largely attributable to the treatment setting rather than onabotulinumtoxinA acquisition costs.     

Are impatient farmers more risk-averse? Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural Uganda

Based on data from a field-experiment in rural Uganda, we show that impatient farmers are more risk-averse than patient farmers. We relied on a simplified version of the Convex Time Budget (CTB) method to elicit farmers’ time preferences and on an independent method for eliciting their risk-preferences. We report two important findings. First, we show that our simplified CTB method applied to farmers from Uganda replicates the key findings of Andreoni and Sprenger’s lab experiments that involved student subjects. Second, we establish the existence of a negative correlation between risk tolerance and impatience, based on two independent measures.     

公共经济学视角下的政府预算绩效管理改革思考

政府预算绩效管理是公共财政预算管理制度改革的理论探索与实践创新,其身后具有深刻的公共经济学理论背景,深入分析政府预算绩效管理与其公共经济学理论基础间的逻辑关系,必将对我国开展政府预算绩效管理改革产生积极影响。     

General or central government? Empirical evidence on political cycles in budget composition using new data for OECD countries

Previous studies used general government data to examine whether national governments’ electoral motives and ideology influenced budget composition in OECD countries. General government data includes, however, the state and local level. Using new data for general and central government over the period 1995–2016, I reexamine political cycles in budget composition. The results suggest that, both at the general and central government level, leftwing governments spent more on education and less on public services than rightwing governments. Defense expenditure was somewhat lower under leftwing than rightwing governments and in election years; especially in federal states. Effects of government ideology on the individual expenditure categories are larger at the central than general government level. Scholars need to re-examine results on ideology-induced effects that have been derived from general government data where central government data should have been used.     

浅谈工程造价咨询单位在控制工程造价中的作用

工程造价咨询单位应在工程项目建设的各个阶段充分发挥其作用,这对于节约投资,服务于经济建设具有重要意义。从四个方面论述工程造价咨询单位在工程项目建设各阶段的作用。     

地区金融扭曲差异对外资进入的影响

随着我国FDI流入量的逐年上升,现行金融体系能否适应外资的大量流入,已成为国内外学者关注的焦点。本文采用我国1998-2007年间28个省区面板数据,分析了金融扭曲差异对FDI流入的影响。实证研究表明:地区金融扭曲差异会影响FDI的流入,但金融扭曲差异对外商直接投资存量的影响程度要小于其对外商直接投资流量的影响。分地区研究发现:我国东部金融扭曲差异对FDI流入没有显著作用;而中西部金融扭曲差异显著地抑制了FDI流入,且对外商直接投资流、存量的抑制程度要明显的大于东部。