基于平衡计分卡的高新技术企业预算体系构建

企业预算管理作为一种管理工具,它能优化资源配置,有效控制成本,规范基础管理行为。但随着企业内外部环境不断变化,传统预算的弊端也在不断暴露。为了弥补传统预算缺陷,本文在吸收其理论主要思想基础上,将平衡计分卡方法(Balanced Score Card,简称BSC)引入预算管理体系,以试图对传统预算管理的缺陷加以补正。     

The state capital investing and operating company pilot reform and SOE bailouts

This paper explores the influence of the State Capital Investing and Operating Company (SCIOC) pilot reform on SOE bailout using a staggered difference-in-differences model. Based on a sample of listed SOEs during 2011–2018, we find that when the real controllers of listed SOEs enter the list of SCIOCs, soft budget constraints are alleviated and listed subsidiaries are less likely to become distressed. Mechanism tests indicate that SCIOCs help distressed firms through exiting the market, reducing bank loans, enhancing corporate governance, and improving operating efficiency. Heterogeneity tests show that the effect of SCIOC establishment is more significant in central and western regions, in public welfare and special function industries, for central SCIOCs, for state capital investing companies, when firms are organized in more layers, and for firms that engage in M&As. The empirical results show that the implementation of SCIOCs benefits both micro-enterprise development and state capital layout optimization.     

我国省域软科学研究机构竞争力评价研究

根据我国省域软科学研究机构竞争力的内涵构建了省域软科学研究机构竞争力评价指标体系,对我国省域1986—2006年度软科学研究机构竞争力发展水平进行了综合评价。结果表明,我国省域软科学研究机构竞争力状况呈现"少数领先且独特性强,多数集中而差异性小"的显著特征。     

Simultaneous ascending auctions with complementarities and known budget constraints

We study simultaneous ascending auctions of two identical objects when bidders are financially constrained and their valuations exhibit complementarities. We assume the budget constraints are known but the values for individual objects are private information, and characterize noncollusive equilibria. Equilibrium behavior is affected by the exposure problem. Bidders with higher budgets are more reluctant to bid, because opponents with lower budgets may end up pursuing a single object, thus preventing the realization of complementarities. Therefore poor bidders may win both objects when they do not have the highest valuation. We gratefully acknowledge comments by Marco Battaglini, Benny Moldovanu and participants at seminars held at Montreal, Yale, Texas A&M, Washington St. Louis and at the Workshop on Mechanism Design with Budget Constraints held at SUNY - Stony Brook. Sandro Brusco acknowledges financial support from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencias D.G.E.S., proyecto SEC2001-0445.     

What Are the Drivers of Fiscal Performance Gaps between Anglophone and Francophone Africa? A Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition

In this paper, we make use of the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to examine how the quality of budget institutions affects fiscal performance – primary balance and public debt – in sub‐Saharan Africa. To organise our approach, we categorise sub‐Saharan Africa countries according to the two main systems of budgetary institutions: the English‐based system and the French‐based system. The quality of budget institutions is measured through five criteria: centralisation, comprehensiveness, fiscal and procedural rules, sustainability and credibility, and transparency. Our findings show that, on average, Anglophone Africa countries have better budgetary institutions than their Francophone counterparts, and this difference is the main determinant of the fiscal performance gaps between the two groups. These performance gaps are mostly due to the characteristics effect, meaning that the relative poor fiscal performance of Francophone countries is not due to the French‐based system itself but rather to the environment in which it operates. The budget process and procedures in these countries are relatively less comprehensive, sustainable and transparent and that adversely affects their fiscal performance.     

从跨文化交际的角度看深圳的国际旅游软环境

在国际旅游中,游客不仅从一国到了另一国,更从他/她所熟悉的语言文化环境到了另一陌生的语言文化环境中,游客会有生理和心理等多方面的不适应,即“文化休克”。一个城市较好的旅游软环境对于减轻游客的“文化休克”,使游客能顺利愉快地旅游有着不可忽视的作用。本文从跨文化交际的角度分析了深圳的国际旅游软环境及其问题,提出了一些建设性的对策,对打造深圳国际化旅游城市的形象有着积极的意义。     

人民银行巨额外汇储备的经济性质及其出路

中国人民银行持有巨额外汇储备的背后是相应的国内负债,它不是人民银行的收入,而是由于国内经济失衡和融资结构不合理,通过配套的外汇管理体制而不断集中在人民银行资产负债表上的信用资产。人民银行被迫成为需要经营外汇资产的专业机构,新的风险和矛盾接踵而至。解决中国外汇储备问题首先是消除中国外汇储备过速增长的内在发生机制;而对于现有存量资产的管理,主要应从分散风险、培养国际金融专门人才、推动国际货币体系改革、加强与美国协商等方面着手。     

Assessing the compliance of a product with an eco-label: From standards to constraints

The new awareness of the consumers regarding environmental issues should allow companies to gain a competitive advantage by obtaining eco-labels which certify the low impact of a product on the environment. Getting such label requires to analyze a product according to rules expressed in natural language which may be difficult to interpret but also to apply when the product is complex. In order to address this problem, we suggest a method aiming at providing support to the user when checking the compliance of a product with an eco-label. The method is applied on an illustrative example of the literature.     

略论"北京共识"对提升中国软实力的启迪

本文从"北京共识"出发,揭示了西方经典现代化理论和"华盛顿共识"的本质其实就是美国等西方国家的意识形态,是美国等西方国家传播、提升其"软实力"的手段。在分析"软实力"增强国家综合国力和综合竞争力的作用基础上,强调中国的和平崛起,应该在强化中国的"硬实力"和提升中国的"软实力"两个方面努力。本文最后还就我国的社会科学以及社会科学工作者在提升中国"软实力"方面所承担的责任和使命等问题进行了分析。