浅议投资估算在建筑工程中的重要性

投资估算在建筑工程中有着非常重要的指导意义,投资估算的准确性直接影响到项目的投资决策、工程设计方案、投资经济效益等多方面。就建设项目投资估算的重要性阐述了自己的观点。     

On Nudging: A Review of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health,Wealth and Happiness by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein

This paper reviews the case for libertarian paternalism presented by Thaler and Sunstein in Nudge. Thaler and Sunstein argue that individuals’ preferences are often incoherent, making paternalism is unavoidable; however, paternalistic interventions should ‘nudge’ individuals without restricting their choices, and should nudge them towards what they would have chosen had they not been subject to specific limitations of rationality. I argue that the latter criterion provides inadequate guidance to nudgers. It is inescapably normative, and so allows nudgers’ conceptions of well‐being to override those of nudgees. Even if nudgees’ rationality were unbounded, their revealed preferences might still be incoherent.     

Antecedents of Budget Participation: Leadership Style,Information Asymmetry,and Evaluative Use of Budget

This study explores the causes or antecedents of budget participation to understand more fully the role of participation in the workplace. The study focuses on the reasons why superiors encourage the budget participation of their subordinates and draws upon several theoretical perspectives including leadership theory, agency theory and organizational justice. To examine the issues, a survey was administered to managers and supervisors in several companies. Results of path analysis suggest that superiors encourage subordinate participation when the superior's leadership style is considerate. This implies that budget participation may mediate the relation between leadership style and work outcomes. Results also suggest that superiors encourage participation when budget goals are used in the performance evaluation of subordinates, in which case, the study argues, the superiors encourage participation because of concerns about organizational justice. This finding implies that budget participation may mediate the relation between the evaluative use of budget and those work outcomes that prior research has linked to organizational justice. The proposed relation between information asymmetry and budget participation is not supported.     

The effect of cost management knowledge on the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance

This study investigates the relationship between budget participation (BP), cost management knowledge and managerial performance. It draws on relevant previous research in the theory of work performance and accounting to formulate the research questions. Eighty-three managers from Finnish companies participated in the study. Data were collected from the managers using a mail questionnaire. The results indicate that managers’ cost management knowledge, and especially the balanced perspective of cost management knowledge, moderates the effect of BP on self-perception of managerial performance. It was specifically found that the effect of BP on perceived managerial performance becomes more positive when managers’ cost management knowledge increases. High perception of managerial performance is obtained when both the BP and managers’ cost management knowledge are high. Our results suggest that organizations should improve the cost management knowledge of managers who participate in the budgeting process.     

An exploratory study of operational reasons to budget

Budgets are used widely but criticized, mainly for performance evaluation reasons. We find that organizations regard budgets as more important for planning and control than evaluation, thus proposing a rationale for their continued use irrespective of evaluation‐based criticisms. This finding is also important, because most extant budget research focuses on evaluation, suggesting a potential disconnect between budget research and practice. We also find that rolling forecasts are used in tandem with the annual budget in most organizations, and for the same reasons. This was unexpected, as coexistence suggests their adoption for different reasons.     

论预算会计收付实现制及其改革

客观评价我国预算会计收付实现制确认基础，探讨其局限，借鉴OECD国家预算会计权责发生制改革实践经验，结合我国实际，研究和探索我国预算会计如何运用权责发生制，是理论界和实务界面临的重要课题。     

土地托管影响粮食产出的内在机制及效率制约因素

本文从理论上揭示了土地托管影响粮食产出的内在机制及效率制约因素,并基于2014-2016年安徽、河南和山东3省10县调查形成的面板数据进行了实证检验。研究发现:土地托管对促进粮食产出具有显著影响。具体表现为:在土地托管模式下,通过整合粮食生产中的要素资源,有助于增加物质资本投入、改善人力资本结构,实现粮食生产过程中资本替代劳动以及高技能人力资本替代低技能人力资本,进而提高粮食产出水平。但在实践中,土地托管对粮食生产的促进效应还会受到土地资源条件和服务费支付方式等约束条件的影响。因此,在助推土地托管提高粮食产出水平的同时,不仅要注重要素投入的多样性,而且应关注要素投入的均衡匹配。     

权益净利率的财务管理价值

权益净利率反映了净利润与所有者权益之间的关系,是所有财务指标中综合性最强、最具有代表性的指标。它不仅具有可量性、可控性、层次性和统一性,而且具有易操作的特性,因此,该指标可作为企业进行财务活动的目标。权益净利率指标的分解可以为企业进行财务分析、日常控制、业绩评价和预算编制提供思路。本文将探讨权益净利率在这些方面的作用,并期待能引起企业对该指标的关注。     

我国预算会计引入权责发生制的思考

为进一步适应公共财政管理体制改革的需要,权责发生制在我国预算会计中的应用引起了人们越来越多的关注。本文从现行预算会计所采用的核算基础着手,指出收付实现制逐渐暴露出的弊端。本文在分析和借鉴国外运用权责发生制的基础上,构造出我国预算会计采用权责发生制基础的思路。     

CORPORATE CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND HOW SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS MAY AFFECT IT

Abstract.  This survey paper examines existing theories of capital structure and related empirical tests with the aim to derive theoretical as well empirically testable predictions about the implications of the soft budget constraint for corporate capital structure. We show that the soft budget constraint syndrome is relevant for a variety of institutional environments, from central planning to capitalist economic systems, and consider features of company financing patterns in various institutional contexts. Special attention is paid to emerging and transition economies where, with the development of financial markets, companies reduce their financial dependence on the state and begin to borrow from a variety of sources. However, due to the persistence of soft budget constraints, corporate capital structure in transition and emerging economies may still deviate significantly from the capital structure of companies operating under hard budget constraints.