农地流转背景下新疆农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳分析

[目的]新疆是我国农膜施用和农膜残留最严重的地区。基于农户调查数据,分析农户残膜回收方式和残膜回收机械化技术采纳,重点研究农地流转对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳的影响,以期为新疆及全国农膜残膜污染治理提供了有益借鉴。[方法]文章采用描述性统计分析农户残膜回收方式和处置行为,运用Probit回归模型实证分析农地流转对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳的影响。[结果]新疆农膜残膜回收方式目前主要依靠人工捡膜,而农地流转促进了农户采用残膜回收机械化技术;户主个体特征和政策因素是影响农户残膜回收的主要因素,而人均农业收入、耕地特征、残膜回收技术培训和订单农业生产对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳产生重要影响。[结论]随着农业劳动力成本上升和耕地规模经营,人工残膜回收方式不具有可持续性,而农地流转后耕地规模经营有助于残膜回收机械化技术的应用,提高了耕地残膜回收率。因此,有序推进农地流转规模经营,促进农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳是未来残膜污染治理的必然选择。     

The impact of seaports on the regional economies in South Korea: Panel evidence from the augmented Solow model

This study reveals the economic impact of seaports on regions in Korea. Econometrics analysis employing an augmented Solow model is conducted based on the panel data covering all the regions of Korea over the period 2000–2013. The econometrics analysis shows that cargo ports without sufficient throughput obstruct regional economic growth, whilst cargo ports contribute to regional economic growth only when they have sufficient throughput. Furthermore, the result indicates that container port activities positively affect regional economic growth, whilst port investment indirectly leads to economic growth. This study contributes to the better understanding of the role of ports in Korean economies.     

The Value-Relevance of Financial and Nonfinancial Information—Evidence from Taiwan’s Information Electronics Industry

This study integrates general measurements of the information electronics industry based on the concepts of the balanced scorecard, intellectual capital, and intangible assets. The reasons for the difference between the corporate market value and book value are also analyzed, and the impacts of both financial and nonfinancial perspectives on the corporate value are explored. The component items of net income are found to be more effective in explaining the value of a company than merely looking at the bottom line. It is concluded that RI and EVA have significant and similar explanatory power in terms of evaluating the performance of the information electronics industry. Moreover, a review of the nonfinancial performance of information electronics companies on the basis of segmented samples reveals significant results in terms of explaining the value of the upstream, midstream, and downstream companies.     

人口老龄化条件下的经济平衡增长路径

本文将人口老龄化因素变量引入到索洛增长模型中，建立了包含人口老龄化因素变量的经济平衡增长路径方程，进而分析了人口老龄化因素对经济平衡增长路径的影响效应。由此在理论上证明了，人口老龄化因素对经济增长存在正、负或零等不同的作用效应，而相关的政策选择将影响人口老龄化的作用效应。     

企业家人力资本与企业产权安排的实证研究综述

企业家人力资本与企业产权安排的不同模式和相机治理直接影响企业家人力资本的受激励水平、程度和企业治理效率。本文在对国内学术界有关企业家人力资本与企业产权安排的实证方面进行综述的基础上，提出对相关问题的思考。     

基于剩余收益模型的商业银行价值驱动要素研究

目前,建立股东价值最大化的管理体系对我国银行业来说具有极强的理论和实践意义.在剩余收益估价模型的改进模型--资产波动法和收入波动法的基础上,提出决定公司价值的三个变量:资产负债表中的净资产、公司未来的业务增长及未来的资本收益率,其中,后两个变量可以影响未来的剩余收益盈利能力,是公司价值的驱动要素.同时,根据银行的具体业务和会计制度特点,找出了银行类企业的内在价值驱动要素,指出一些关键性的经营活动和财务指标,为银行的经营和财务活动指出方向.     

企业控制权收益的激励效应分析

企业剩余控制权是企业的重要决策权。在现代股份制条件下,企业剩余控制权发生了从股东向经理手中的转移,经理由此获得了相应的控制权收益。控制权收益对于企业经理也具有一定的激励作用,但相对于剩余索取权来说,其激励效果并不持久和可靠。为此,我国国有企业应重新建立起剩余控制权与索取权的对应关系。     

Entry,exit and productivity growth: Spanish manufacturing during the eighties

This paper analyses the role played by both competitive pressure (increasing imports) and the restructuring of industries through entry and exit in productivity growth of Spanish manufacturing during the eighties, the key period of its accession to the EEC economy. A GMM panel estimation of the determinants of corrected Solow residual for 75 manufacturing during 1979-1990, shows that these forces accounted for 80% of productivity growth, playing an important role the displacement of inefficient firms by competitive entry.JEL Classification: D24, C33We are grateful to S. Bentolila, F. Bourguignon, T. Coelli, J. Dolado, A. de la Fuente, J. García, L. Rodríguez, J. Segura, X. Vives and an anonymous referee for useful comments on previous versions of this paper. All remaining errors are our own.     

Technological change under residual risk regulation: The case of coke ovens in the U.S. steel industry

An engineering-economic model is used within a dynamic setting to determine the least cost mix of investment and import activities as the U.S. steel industry faces successively tighter controls on coke oven emissions over the next 10 years. In response to Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards proposed for 1995, U.S. steel producers would likely export their toxic pollution by importing 6 million tons of coke per year. About 4 million tons of coke oven capacity is retrofit and about 1 million tons of annual coke consumption is replaced by new iron technologies, such as Corex. The Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) standards proposed for 1998 roughly double the coke oven retirements estimated to occur under MACT. Coke imports also are substantial but are no higher than under MACT because the additional time allows the industry to invest in more coke-saving blast furnaces and in new less toxic coke-making technologies, such as the Jewell process. The LAER standards in conjunction with higher capital costs, however, force coke imports to more than 8 million tons per year and sharply increase imports of semi-finished steel. Such a situation could exacerbate existing disputes on international steel trade.The authors are associate professor, instructor, and graduate student, respectively. This research was performed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines Distinguished Young Scholar Award Administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities for the Bureau of Mines. Naturally, the usual disclaimer applies.