关于宜居城市的理论探讨

界定了宜居城市的概念,探讨了宜居城市在经济、社会、文化、生活、生态、安全诸方面的内涵,剖析了宜居城市的环境系统,认为宜居城市是由自然物质环境和社会人文环境相互交织、融合形成的一个复杂巨系统,提出宜居城市的七大判别标准--经济发展度、社会和谐度、文化丰厚度、居住舒适度、景观怡人度、公共安全度.阐述了宜居城市发展演变的一般性规律,旨在为中国宜居城市建设实践提供理论依据.     

我国企业应对反倾销诉讼的标准成本管理研究

我国出口型制造企业屡遭反倾销诉讼的冲击,其争议焦点之一是成本问题。本文运用标准成本管理理论,以日本丰田汽车集团的成本标准化为案例,探讨了标准成本管理在应对反倾销诉讼方面的优势,建议对轮胎、钢管等产品品种较稳定的产业实施标准成本管理以及生产作业标准体系,同时实施在行业协会备案的制度,以减少企业的损失。     

融资结构与资本预算方法选择

传统的资本预算方法因没有考虑负债对企业的影响,权衡理论认为负债会给企业带来节税收益,降低股东与经理之间的代理成本,同时也会给企业带来财务困境成本和股东与债权人之间的代理成本。修正现值法、权益现金流量法和加权平均资本成本法,是西方主流反映负债融资对投资项目价值正负效应杠杆企业的资本预算方法。本文对此进行了探讨。     

Assessing the influence of the organization in the supply chain management using NK simulation

Supply chain management advocates that the whole supply chain (SC) from the material suppliers to the end customers must be managed by adopting an integrated approach. However, different forms of governance can be adopted to pursue integration, ranging from the pure market to the hierarchy. While integration has been extensively investigated in the literature by adopting an operative perspective, the organizational perspective has been less used. However, the way the SC is organized influences the SC performance. This topic is investigated by using a recent tool offered by complexity science, namely the NK simulation model. In the proposed NK model, N represents the decisions that SC firms should make and K the interdependencies among the SC decisions calling for integration. The model reproduces how the different SC forms of governance evolve and adapt to the landscape corresponding to a SC specific integration problem. A simulation analysis is carried out to identify the SC forms of governance appropriate to the SC integration problems.     

Strive to be first or avoid being last: An experiment on relative performance incentives

We utilize a laboratory experiment to compare effort provision under optimal tournament contracts with different distributions of prizes which motivate agents to compete to be first, avoid being last, or both. We find that the combined tournament contract incorporating both incentives at the top and at the bottom induces the highest effort, especially in larger groups. Avoiding being last produces the lowest variance of effort and is more effective at motivating employees compared to competing for the top.     

Joint production in teams

Consider Holmström's moral hazard in teams problem when there are n agents, each agent i has an a_i-dimensional strategy space and output is m-dimensional. We show that a compensation mechanism that satisfies budget balance, limited liability and implements an efficient allocation generically exists if and only if . Moreover, under a weak additional condition, the equilibrium implemented by this mechanism is unique in the class of pure strategy Coalition-Proof equilibria.     

工科院校数学教师教学质量评价指标及方法

建立和完善有效的教学质量监控与评价指标体系,是提高教学质量的重要保证,是培养适合社会需求的高级人才的重要途径,是学校改革发展的需要。     

新型工业化和新型城镇化协调发展研究——基于重庆市全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的实证

新型工业化和新型城镇化协调发展是统筹城乡发展,实现变农民为市民、缩小城乡差距的关键。以重庆市全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区为例研究发现,重庆市及其各个区县工业化和城镇化发展不协调,从事农业生产而没有在第二、三产业就业的人口也聚集在城镇造成城镇化率偏高,而绝大多数区县工业化发展又没有推动城镇化进程。     

A game-theoretic approach to behavioral food risks: The case of grain producers

Food risks may be caused by malpractice of suppliers who exploit the fact that their production processes and resulting product properties cannot be directly observed by buyers. The probability of malpractice increases with the profits that can be earned through opportunistic behavior. In this paper, we develop a moral hazard model for the empirical analyses of behavioral risks. It accounts for the essential fact that incomplete inspection and tracing increase the profitability of rule-breaking behavior, and that monitoring, tracing and sanctioning are costly. Using the model, we first demonstrate how to design efficient contracts in various situations. In a case study, we then analyze farmers’ incentives with regard to the minimum waiting period after fungicide use. Data are gathered in interviews with three large-scale German farmers and a grain dealer. We find that, while their perception of parameters varies widely, high temptations for rule-breaking arise in some cases. We conclude that empirical moral hazard analyses have significant potential to shed light on behavioral risks.     

通信标准必要专利跨领域许可FRAND义务研究

在通信标准必要专利跨领域许可的进程中，通信产业与标准产品产业就供应链上的许可模式存在分歧。回溯分歧的发生背景和诉讼呈现可知，该分歧的实质为FRAND义务分歧，且应被锚定为终端级自由许可和组件级优先许可两种模式的争议。经总体检视，终端级许可将引致上游供应商实施行为法律确定性缺失、高交易成本困境与专利劫持的潜在风险，组件级许可则具有提升许可效率和抑制专利劫持的合理性，然而组件级优先许可义务的设定不符合比例原则。SEP持有人在有权自由选择许可层级的基础上，应充分履行包含FRAND谈判义务与SEP开放义务的FRAND义务，以消除前述风险。SEP持有人违反FRAND谈判义务的，将受SEP侵权不停止规则的规制，SEP开放义务则依托利益第三人条款的明确约定或合同解释得到履行。