Paradox of authenticity versus standardization: Expansion strategies of restaurant groups in China

Restaurant customers demand both personalized innovative, yet, affordable service delivery. Accordingly, restaurant groups that seek expansion must consider how to respond effectively to the standardization–authenticity paradox. This paper addresses two questions: what is the relationship between standardization and authenticity? How can restaurant managers use these concepts for the strategic positioning of their restaurant group? Typically, researchers present the two dimensions as a binary. In contrast, this paper first presents a theoretical model and analyzes the variations in the standardization–authenticity relationship. Subsequently, it classifies restaurant group expansion strategies into four categories: standardization of authenticity, authentic alliance, standardized chains and heterogeneity, and examines their respective level of competence required to increase performance. It concludes by presenting suggestions to position restaurants in terms of the extent of standardization and the extent of flexibility.     

绿色照明标准化之路

国家通过绿照项目不断推动照明行业向节能、绿色方向发展。浙江山蒲照明电器有限公司(简称:山蒲)通过产品标准化、设备标准化、工艺标准化来达到节能减排的效果,生产出的高效率荧光灯与普通荧光灯相比,每年平均节煤效果可达28%,相当于4.53x105t标煤;与白炽灯相比,每年平均节煤效果可高达85%,相当于1.373x106t标煤。希望通过我们节能减排标准化实践经验分享中得到一些借鉴。     

实施标准化 推进铁路信号电缆产业品质升级

随着铁路的高速发展,铁路信号电缆发展日趋成熟,逐渐向数字化方向发展,而标准化是产业升级的基础,技术标准化是产业品质升级的重要助推剂。本文阐述了标准化工作对铁路信号电缆产业的影响以及该产业发展的对策与研究。     

浅论标准化的制度及其贯彻

世界各国经济发展的过程充分表明,标准化是实现现代化的一个重要手段,也是反映现代化水平的一个重要标志。完善的标准化制度,较强的标准化意识是一个企业乃至一个民族取得进展的保证。     

An economic analysis of standards competition: The example of the ISO ODF and OOXML standards

The objective of this paper is to analyze economic efficiency considerations of standards competition, in order to thereby enrich the discussion about the transfer of the ECMA-376-1 (Office Open XML - OOXML) standard into the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 standard parallel to the already existing ISO/IEC 26300:2006 (Open Document Format for Office Applications - ODF) standard. Based on the available economic literature we identify parameters that need to be considered in the decision for or against a competition between competing standards. The characteristics in the specific case of competition between the ODF and the OOOXML standard clearly justify the decision for two documents standards.     

Chinese institutions and standardization: The case of government support to domestic third generation cellular standard

There are unique and distinct institutional processes associated with the Chinese government's support of the domestically developed third generation (3G) cellular standard, TD-SCDMA. After postponing several times, China awarded three third generation cellular licenses in January 2009: a TD-SCDMA license to China Mobile, a CDMA 2000 license to China Telecom and a WCDMA license to China Unicom. The Chinese government has demonstrated a clear bias in favor of TD-SCDMA. This article examines the role of formal and informal institutions in shaping the Chinese 3G landscape. This paper makes two contributions to the literature. First, this work extends studies on institutional theory focusing on standardization to the context of China. Second, unlike most ICT research which deals with standards originated in the West, this paper's focus on developing country-originated standard provides novel and unique insights related to institutional processes.     

建立一体化管理体系的理论基础

随着经济的发展和社会的进步 ,企业需要通过多个管理体系标准的认证。本文探讨了如何建立可满足各类相关方要求的一体化管理体系 (IMS)的理论基础 ,分别阐述了融入大质量观的系统方法 ,拓展的八项质量管理原则和管理标准化原理。     

对深入开展石油天然气行业标准化的几点看法

石油天然气行业标准化正处在全面组织标准的实施和实施监督的重要时期.应把着眼点和着力点倾向标准的实施上来.标准的实施和实施监督是标准化动态管理的基础.在“采标”过程特别是标准转化过程中,还存在技术处理方面需要统一认识的问题.在标准化改革方面,建议石油工业标准化技术委员会推行会员制,以此作为改革的突破口.     

基于熵理论的高速铁路联调联试标准化管理体系研究

以熵为理论基础,以高速铁路联调联试全过程为研究对象,论述联调联试特点及耗散结构特征并应用熵理论构建联调联试耗散结构管理模型。从采取全面开放的管理措施、常态化攻击措施、激活组织及人员措施3个方面构建基于熵理论的高速铁路联调联试标准化管理体系。以安全、质量和进度为核心,对联调联试的前期准备工作、组织实施工作、后续工作进行标准化管理研究,为今后高速铁路联调联试组织管理工作提供参考。     

初探标准化原理

标准化原理目前仍是国内外标准化学术界分岐最大，争议最多的研究领域，从分析标准化的实质入手，探讨了标准化原理的机理，从而提出了一套新的标准化原理，根据这个原理，能够比较圆满地阐述了标准化的许多理论和实践问题。