分散的行动者与物联网技术标准化发展战略

行动者网络理论为战略性新兴产业技术标准化发展提供了一种有效的分析工具。研究表明：①战略性新兴产业技术标准化发展既是技术创新和政策支持等非人类行动者作用的结果,也是政府、企业和学研机构等人类行动者推动的结果;②技术标准化发展的不同阶段（技术研发期、联盟建设期、标准制定期、标准推广期）都需要核心行动者、主要行动者和共同行动者的互动与互联,以推动行动者网络规模不断扩大和优化发展;③核心行动者、主要行动者的承担者角色要随着技术标准化不同阶段的需求适时转换。     

实用有效双采接轨建立有海洋石油特色的标准体系

从中国海洋石油总公司的五个发展阶段,回顾了海洋石油标准化工作发展历程,总结了海洋石油标准应用的效果,展望了海洋石油标准化的前景,提出海洋石油标准化工作的主要体会有：从开始即引进国际标准,直接与国际接轨,注重实效,在构建体系表时,一切从公司实际需要出发,坚持“双采”方针和海洋石油特色。     

'Shopping Around' for Accounting Practices: The Financial Statement Presentation of French Groups

This article illustrates the progressive move away from traditional accounting practices through a study of the presentation of financial statements. Based on a sample of one hundred large French industrial and commercial groups over a ten-year period, and applying a logistic regression method, our survey confirms a trend among French companies, which are increasingly turning their backs on traditional national practices as regards the balance sheet format, the income statement format, the voluntary disclosure of a statement of changes in shareholders' equity and the cash flow statement format. This move towards 'alternative' practices is made possible by the flexibility of French regulation, and can probably be explained by the desire of French firms to attract more investment on international capital markets. However, this trend shows no signs of a clear orientation towards any particular accounting model (IAS, U.S. or U.K.). The behaviour of the French firms observed in our study can be considered as a kind of 'shopping around' for accounting practices.     

“Lock-in” vs. “critical masses” — Industrial change under network externalities

Where increasing returns to adoption play a role in the diffusion of a new technology, technological “lock-in” is now often claimed to occur. However, this result, and the modeling approach that produces it, are problematic. Further innovations could never have a chance of disseminating, if “lock-in” had occurred in the diffusion process of earlier innovations. Yet, in reality, industrial change does not come to a halt. The paper offers a discussion of the apparent paradox. From an alternative modeling approach conditions are derived under which a newly introduced technology can successfully disseminate in the market despite existing network externalities.     

技术标准化提升产业国际竞争力的实证研究

利用拓展的波特钻石模型分析技术标准化对产业国际竞争力的影响机理;选取2000~2011年十大行业的面板数据,考量技术标准化与产业国际竞争力的关系及作用。结果发现,行业标准化水平、标准对外开放水平以及外资参与标准化水平对产业国际竞争力的提升存在显著的正向影响,且标准对外开放水平的作用存在一定的时滞效应。     

化纤标准化与产业结构调整

我国化纤产业经过近十年的飞速发展,综合竞争力有了较大的提升,但自主创新、可持续发展能力亟待提高。2008年的金融危机更凸现了我国化纤产能过剩、同质化发展等一些深层次、结构性问题,必须进行产业结构调整和优化升级。     

对外贸易中技术进步的标准化路径分析

本文在总结众多学者对贸易与技术进步关系研究的基础上,运用标准化经济学与标准化战略理论以及SPSS分析软件对浙江省对外贸易与技术进步的关系进行了实证研究,认为标准化战略是在目前阶段能够较好平衡比较优势和国家竞争力的有效途径,构建标准-专利-标准的良性循环模式是规避独立开发风险、弥补高昂采标成本和提升企业自身技术水平的重要方式。     

Coopetition,standardization and general purpose technologies: A framework and an application

We argue that coopetition and standardization are important dimensions in the analysis of general-purpose technologies (GPT). We synthesize ideas from GPT, standardization, and coopetition literatures and introduce a framework for empirical analysis of GPTs that are enabled by standards development and related coopetition. We apply this framework and analyze the role of coopetition in standardization of wireless cellular technology, which has been recently discussed as a GPT. We document that coopetition and standardization have been associated with increasing improvement, innovation spawning, and pervasiveness—the characteristics of GPTs—in the context of wireless cellular technology. The perspective of standardization and coopetition could shed further light on the technological progress and evolution related to emerging GPT candidates, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain.     

Declared essential patents and average total R&D expenditures per patent family

The sharp increase in SEP declarations and declaring firms emphasizes the necessity for understanding firms’ innovation investment behavior in standardization. This paper empirically investigates whether declared standard-essential patents (SEPs) and the declaring firm’s business model (operationalized as a firm’s location in the value chain) are associated with a firm’s innovation investment behavior. To this end, we measure firms’ innovation investment behavior through average total research and development (R&D) expenditures per filed patent family for publicly listed firms from 1999 to 2018. Our sample mainly includes major SEP family declarants. We rely on a binary business model taxonomy differentiating upstream and downstream firms. Within that setting, total R&D expenditures rise with increasing fragmentation of declared SEP families, suggesting that firms adjust their R&D investments to declaration developments in standard-setting organizations (SSOs). We also show that upstream firms have significantly lower total R&D expenditures than downstream firms, which could indicate structural differences in their intellectual property (IP) and R&D management processes. Our results can help SSOs and regulators better understand firms’ innovation investment behavior.