The New Characteristics of the International Capital Circulation and the Strategic Readjustment of China＇s Utilizing Foreign Capitals

This essay proposes the concrete view that China＇s strategy of utilizing foreign capitals to adjust again on the foundation of explaining new characteristics of international capital circulation, namely, expanding the foreign investments of the service trade, strengthening efforts to attract outside investment of the Midwest, attracting trans-corporation＇s investment, etc., Chinese enterprises actively move towards overseas investment and create the policy environment that can contribute to absorbing the foreign capitals as well as making national economy benefit from it.     

China＇s Social Security： Case Studies of the Interest Groups and Policy Monopoly

This section introduces an asymmetric information model to analyze the interest groups and policy monopoly in social security management, mainly focusing on the relation between the interest groups in the social security products market and the social security government institutions at the central level, namely the major social security policy makers.     

Productivity and the Euro-Dollar exchange rate

This article analyses the impact of productivity developments in the United States and the euro area on the euro-dollar exchange rate. The article presents a new measure of relative average labour, productivity (ALP) which does not suffer from the biases implicit in readily available relative ALP data. Importantly, the patterns of these series differ widely. Employing the Johansen cointegration framework, four models are estimated using four different productivity proxies. Our results indicate that the extent to which productivity can explain the euro depreciation varies with the productivity proxy used: readily available measures explain most, our new, preferred measure least. In all models, however, productivity can explain only a fraction of the actual euro depreciation experienced in 1999–2000. JEL no. F31, C32, O47 The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Central Bank or its staff.     

External adjustment

Gross stocks of foreign assets have increased rapidly relative to national outputs since 1990, and the short-run capital gains and losses on those assets can amount to significant fractions of GDP. These fluctuations in asset values render the national income and product account measure of the current account balance increasingly inadequate as a summary of the change in a country's net foreign assets. Nonetheless, unusually large current account imbalances, especially deficits, should remain high on policymakers' list of concerns, even, for the richer and less credit-constrained countries. Extreme imbalances signal the need for large and perhaps abrupt real exchange rate changes in the future, changes that might have undesired political and financial consequences given the incompleteness of domestic and international asset markets. Furthermore, of the two sources of the change in net foreign assets—the current account and the capital gain on the net foreign asset position—the former is better understood and more amenable to policy influence. Systematic government attempts to manipulate international asset values in order to change the net foreign asset position could have a destabilizing effect on market expectations. JEL no. F21, F32, F36, F41     

Optimal investment with fixed financing costs

Models with a premium on external finance produce counterfactual predictions about liquidity management. We address this shortcoming by introducing a fixed cost of increasing external finance into an otherwise standard investment/financing problem. This additional financial friction is well-motivated by case studies and our analysis shows that it generates more realistic predictions about liquidity management: firms hold external finance and idle cash simultaneously, and may invest an additional dollar of cash flow in liquidity rather than repaying external funds or investing in productive capital. In addition to better fitting the stylized facts about the time-series and cross-sectional pattern of liquidity holding, these results may help shed light on the fragility of estimates of investment–cash flow sensitivities.     

政府投资中的个人行为特征实证分析

以政府投资过程中政府机构内部个人为视角,可以发现个人与政府投资行为间存在互动关系.因为个人的经济人特性所产生的利益诉求及政府投资可能对个人产生的影响,个人在政府投资过程中将会进行权衡与计算,在理论上可以将其抽象为不同的行为组合.借助典型案例对各个行为组合进行解析,发现政府投资过程中个人的违规行为主要表现为三类:消极行为、积极行为和被动防御性行为.由此,可以为法律制度对政府投资中个人的监督与规制找到着力点.     

跨国公司外币报表折算问题研究

目前国际上在外币报表折算中折算汇率的选择和折算差额的处理,尚未形成一致的国际惯例.外币报表折算主要方法有流动与非流动项目法、货币与非货币项目法、时态法和现行汇率法.根据我国实际情况,外币报表折算更适用时态法.     

汇兑损益对上市公司利润影响的理论和实证分析

从2005年7月21日汇改后,人民币汇率的波动远大于汇改之前,由此给企业形成的汇兑损益将会更加不稳定。在此背景下,本文通过研究上市公司重点行业近几年汇兑损益的变化,并就汇兑损益对企业财务费用和利润影响进行了实证分析,得出汇兑损益和企业利润存在正相关关系,在此基础上,提出了企业控制外汇风险、减少汇兑损失的相关措施。     

2013年11月国际金融市场运行综述

2013年11月,美元指数先升后降,总体持平。美元短期利率下降,欧元短期利率先降后升,英镑短期利率上升,日元短期利率持平。主要国家中长期国债收益率上涨。主要股指振荡上涨。     

Failures to Deliver,Short Sale Constraints,and Stock Overvaluation

Studying a large sample of publicly available data on failures to deliver, we find that stocks reaching threshold levels of failures become significantly overvalued. Where short sale constraints are especially binding, we report extreme overpricing and subsequent reversals. These findings support the overvaluation hypothesis, although the mispricing is likely to be difficult to arbitrage because of extreme shorting costs. In addition, threshold stocks with low short interest become more overvalued than threshold stocks with high short interest. This suggests that the level of short interest reflects supply‐side effects when the examination conditions on the difficulty of borrowing shares.