财政分权、地方财政赤字与土地财政——来自中部欠发达地区J省的经验证据

现行的财政支出式分权导致地方财政收支不平衡状况日益严重,而地方政府在收入自主能力受约束的条件下,只能依赖土地财政来缓解地方财政赤字压力。现行的政绩考评体系、预算制度不完善是造成土地财政的重要根源。本文以中部欠发达地区J省为例,验证了地方财政赤字对土地财政的正向影响效应,建议通过完善现行的财政分权体制,赋予地方政府更多的财权,完善预算管理制度、强化预算的归一性,同时构建以人为本、促进科学发展的政绩考评机制来根治土地财政问题。     

巨灾债券与巨灾保险风险分散

巨灾债券,作为一种债权合同,相对于巨灾再保险而言,虽然是一个两极端产品,但在分散风险方面具有其不可比拟的优势。在大额损失时,巨灾债券是巨灾再保险的一种很好的替代产品。另外,巨灾风险债券的发行对巨灾再保险免赔额具有积极影响。     

地方政府专项债券发行定价的影响因素测度

文章整理了2015—2020年中国地方政府专项债券的发行数据,研究地方财政和资本市场特征对专项债券发行定价的影响并进一步探究了项目收益专项债与普通专项债之间的定价差异。实证研究发现：地方政府专项债券自身特征、地方的财政经济和资本市场特征均体现了对债券发行定价的影响。特别的,市场货币供应增加能降低项目收益债与普通专项债之间的定价差异,而银行间拆借利率则会提高这一差异。分地区结果显示中西部地区政府性基金预算对普通专项债的信用担保能力较强,而对项目收益债的信用担保能力较弱增加了投资者对其预期收益融资自平衡的担忧。文章对专项债发行定价的影响因素进行研究,以期为完善专项债券发行制度、降低地方政府债务风险和融资成本提供借鉴。     

企业文化外部导向对关系纽带、信任的影响研究

强而有力的企业文化会帮助企业度过成长过程中所遭遇的挑战,形成独特的企业竞争优势。以往绝大多数研究者由于把视野过度放在研究企业内部,聚焦在企业文化对内部员工的影响,从而忽略了外部导向的企业文化对顾客、上游供应商以及下游渠道商的影响力。事实上,这对于企业来说,具有更直接的意义。研究表明具有外部导向文化的企业,其文化最重要的影响就是便于与外部相关利益者建立良好的信任关系和关系纽带。     

信用评级机构在次级债危机形成中的角色解析

由于现代金融体系的全球化,这场涉及美国众多金融机构的次级债危机很快在全球蔓延开来,逐步演变成了一场全球信用危机,而一贯被人们寄予厚望的信用评级机构在这场愈演愈烈的危机中却备受指责.论文重新审视了芙国信用评级机构运营机制的固有缺陷,通过揭示信用评级机构对次级债危机形成的责任,提出我国要以次级债危机为鉴,通过规范信用评级行业的发展,使信用评级机构真正承担金融风险监督者的责任.     

Backing what works? Social Impact Bonds and evidence-informed policy and practice

ABSTRACT

Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) offer an opportunity to explore the use of evidence to inform public policy and commissioning decisions in both discursive and practical terms in what are frequently highly politicized contexts. We identify three potential mechanisms by which SIBs may promote evidence use and explore these through empirical findings drawn from a three-year evaluation of SIBs applied to health and social care in the English NHS.     

Volatility forecasting in European government bond markets

In this paper we examine the predictive power of the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model for the return volatility of major European government bond markets. The results from HAR-type volatility forecasting models show that past short- and medium-term volatility are significant predictors of the term structure of the intraday volatility of European bonds with maturities ranging from 1 year up to 30 years. When we decompose bond market volatility into its continuous and discontinuous (jump) component, we find that the jump component is a significant predictor. Moreover, we show that feedback from past short-term volatility to forecasts of future volatility is stronger in the days that precede monetary policy announcements.     

农村居民购买国债存在的问题及建议——以吉林省通化市为例

目前由于农村地区国债发售体系不健全,农村居民购买国债受到发售网点不足、发行信息缺失、发行额度限制及国债知识缺乏等因素影响,农村居民购买国债难的问题日渐突出。本文以吉林省通化市为例,通过对农村居民购买国债情况的深入调查,进一步分析农村国债发行体系存在的问题,并提出相关政策建议。     

Exact solutions for bond and option prices with systematic jump risk

A variety of realistic economic considerations make jump-diffusion models of interest rate dynamics an appealing modeling choice to price interest-rate contingent claims. However, exact closed-form solutions for bond prices when interest rates follow a mixed jump-diffusion process have proved very hard to derive. This paper puts forward two new models of interest-rate dynamics that combine infrequent, discrete changes in the interest-rate level, modeled as a jump process, with short-lived, mean reverting shocks, modeled as a diffusion process. The two models differ in the way jumps affect the central tendency of interest rates; in one case shocks are temporary, in the other shocks are permanent. We derive exact closed-form solutions for the price of a discount bond and computationally tractable schemes to price bond options.     

县域发行小微企业集合债可行性探讨

小微企业作为我国经济社会中最基层、最活跃的特殊群体,近年来受到党和政府以及社会各界的广泛关注和高度重视。但由于金融危机对经济实体的冲击,小微企业融资难、生存难的问题日益显现,县域经济发展也因此遇到极大挑战。本文针对当前小微企业融资难现状,研究县域发行小微企业集合债的可行性及所需注意的问题,探索解决小微企业融资难的途径。