A note extending Grosskopf, Hayes, Taylor and Weber, “Anticipating the consequences of school reform: A new use of DEA”

The article cited in the current paper's title shows how to extend Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate future, as well as past and present, performance. This is accomplished by relaxing some of the constraints that reflect the presence of imposed regulations, and then re-computing the evaluations under these alternate conditions. We here extend this approach to account for “long-run” and “short-run” behaviors, and the related bodies of theory that play prominent roles in microeconomics.     

Financial liberalization and banking efficiency: evidence from Turkey

This paper examines the banking efficiency in a pre- and post-liberalization environment by drawing on the Turkish experience by using DEA. The paper also investigates the scale effect on efficiency. Our findings suggest that liberalization programs were followed by an observable decline in efficiency. Another finding of the study is that the Turkish banking system had a serious scale problem during the study period. The second part of our analysis relied on econometric methods and found that one major reason for such system-wide efficiency decline has been the growing macroeconomic instability of the Turkish economy in general and financial sector in particular.

Technical efficiency in farming: a meta-regression analysis

A meta-regression analysis including 167 farm level technical efficiency (TE) studies of developing and developed countries was undertaken. The econometric results suggest that stochastic frontier models generate lower mean TE (MTE) estimates than non-parametric deterministic models, while parametric deterministic frontier models yield lower estimates than the stochastic approach. The primal approach is the most common technological representation. In addition, frontier models based on cross-sectional data produce lower estimates than those based on panel data whereas the relationship between functional form and MTE is inconclusive. On average, studies for animal production show a higher MTE than crop farming. The results also suggest that the studies for countries in Western Europe and Oceania present, on average, the highest levels of MTE among all regions after accounting for various methodological features. In contrast, studies for Eastern European countries exhibit the lowest estimate followed by those from Asian, African, Latin American, and North American countries. Additional analysis reveals that MTEs are positively and significantly related to the average income of the countries in the data set but this pattern is broken by the upper middle income group which displays the lowest MTE.

Environmental determinants of banking efficiency in Austria

The great majority of Austrian banks operate on a regional or local basis and only a few banks provide their services on a national or even international scale. Obviously, the market environments regional or local banks face are different from that of nationwide operating banks. Casual evidence suggests that local markets condition is a very important external determinant of banking efficiency. Thus, not controlling for market conditions may substantially bias the measurement of managerial efficiency particularly of locally operating banks. In this paper we assess the internal technical efficiency (or X-efficiency) of the Austrian banking sector with the focus on environmental and non-controllable factors critical to banking markets. Analytically, we apply a multiple-stage approach based on a slacks-based DEA model (SBM) and a censored regression model, respectively. In order to cope with the inherent dependency problem of DEA-based efficiency analysis when incorporated into regression analysis we apply a Bootstrap estimator. In so doing we attempt to overcome the dependency problem which plagues the power of standard regression analysis based on DEA processed data. The empirical analysis is based on an unbalanced panel of data covering more than 800 Austrian banks ranging over 1995–2002.

资源特性、产权结构与农业组织制度的效率——以海南农垦为例的研究

通过构建"资源特性——产权结构——行为特征——经济绩效"的理论模型,并将其应用到海南农垦的农业组织制度,揭示海南农业组织制度的资源特性、产权结构及其效率的决定。     

长江中下游省市众创空间运行效率评价及创新溢出研究

在“大众创业、万众创新”的背景下,我国众创空间数量呈现爆发式增长。为了提高众创空间运行效率以及促进各地众创空间协同发展,以长江中下游各省市众创空间为研究对象,采用数据包络分析方法和投影分析法分析众创空间创新资源投入产出效率,进一步利用莫兰指数和面板空间杜宾模型探索区际创新资源流动可行性与众创空间协同发展路径。研究发现：近年来长江中下游各省域众创空间运行效率绝大多数时候未达到有效,财政投入冗余度最高,在孵企业当年获得投资总额、拥有有效知识产权数、总收入存在不同程度的不足;各省域众创空间发展水平存在空间相关性,创业导师投入、技术市场成交额对周边省市众创空间发展水平具有显著正向影响,高校和科研机构数量、地区生产总值对周边省市众创空间发展水平具有显著负向影响。     

FDI知识溢出对区域低碳创新网络效率的门槛效应研究

针对经济全球化趋势和创新驱动发展战略下区域低碳创新网络发展面临的可持续转型增长问题,以及环境规制与低碳创新网络效率的非直接关联特征,通过构建考虑非期望产出的J SBM模型测算低碳创新网络效率,运用核密度函数模型描绘区域低碳创新网络效率的动态演变规律与区域异质性,从环境规制视角构建FDI知识溢出与低碳创新网络效率的非线性面板回归模型,探讨环境规制的门槛效应和时序变化以及FDI知识溢出与低碳创新网络效率的作用机理。研究表明：样本期间区域低碳创新网络效率整体较为收敛,地区差距呈扩大趋势;人力资本和吸收能力因素与低碳创新网络效率显著正相关,政策支持和市场竞争在一定程度上制约低碳创新网络效率提升;加大环境规制强度能够促进FDI知识溢出、提升低碳创新网络效率;门槛效应的时空异质性明显,不同年份同一地区的分布存在较大差异。     

金融集聚对科技创新效率影响的双重特征分析

采用2005-2016年中国省际面板数据,运用面板门槛模型和空间杜宾模型,实证检验金融集聚对科技创新效率的作用关系是否存在门槛效应和空间效应。结果发现,区域内部金融集聚与科技创新效率间存在非线性关系,门槛效应显著,金融集聚对科技创新效率的支持作用存在阶段性差异;通过测定Moran's I指数值发现,金融集聚与科技创新效率在空间上具有协同变动趋势;政府科技支持、人力资本储备和对外开放度均可推动科技创新效率提升。     

我国地区间用于科技发展的研发绩效评估与比较

本文运用DEA方法对我国三类地区2000-2003年研发效率的评估和比较发现,研发投入的数量与研发产出的数量、质量呈现正相关性,但产出数量与质量并不完全取决于投入,研发投入力度最大的第一类型区总技术效率和纯技术效率最高,而研发投入力度最小的第三类型区总技术效率和纯技术效率却高于第二类型区;三类地区技术无效率主要来自纯技术无效率,从变动趋势进一步分析发现,第二类型区的纯技术效率呈现不断改善的趋势,第一、三类型区的纯技术效率却在持续恶化.上述发现说明三类地区在研发活动的管理体制和决策机制上皆存在缺陷,从而致使投入要素使用出现严重的非效率现象.因此,在我国目前科技资源投入有限的情况下,提高科研效率应成为提升科技竞争力的关键环节.     

中国税收超GDP增长之谜的实证解释

本文实证分析中国税收连年超GDP增长的原因，其结论是：分税制改革以来各地区税收征管效率年均提高值9．6％，征管效率提高较大的省份集中在东部经济相对发达地区；总税收对GDP的增长弹性约为1．1，工商业增加值、企业利润和劳动者报酬等的增长不同程度地促进相关税收增长；总税收对税收征管效率提高的弹性约为0．43，税收征管效率提高每年促进税收增长约4．1％，税收征管效率对税收增长的作用主要体现在所得税和增值税上。