农地产权“有意的制度模糊说”质疑

研究目的:与"有意的制度模糊"学说商榷,籍以深化对中国农地产权制度的认识。研究方法:文献研究、法律文本分析。研究结果:(1)该学说认为中国农地产权制度没有任何歧义,这与集体化以来农地所有权属高度分化成为地方性知识并具有多种含义和所指的事实不相符;(2)该学说认为中央有意不在立法上明确界定农地的所有权归属,这与相关法律一直采用概括加列举式的立法技术试图明晰它的立法史实相违背;(3)该学说认为"有意的制度模糊"是中国农村改革成功的关键,且能有效化解土地纠纷,这些也与中国农村改革史和土地纠纷的发生机理相冲突。研究结论:"有意的制度模糊"学说不能成立,不可轻率使用"模糊"之类的词语来概括中国农地产权制度的缺陷。     

迷茫中林业经济管理学科:发展旅程的断裂和知识结构的困惑

1955年以来,中国林业经济管理学科经历了三代人的努力,其发展旅程嵌入了政治因素、社会经济发展因素和学术代际替换的影响,学术传承连续性不够,连同行政化的教育科研体系,林业经济管理学科的学理基础和知识结构十分混乱。森林作为环境和发展的纽带,为林业经济管理学科战略性建构提供了足够的空间。中国林业经济管理学科应当兼容发展理论和生态系统管理理论的知识体系,着力于森林管理实践,寻求中国林业经济管理学科的知识结构,在中国生态文明建设和世界可持续发展中获取学术空间。     

Exploring the role of front-line employees as innovators

This article aims for a deeper understanding of front-line employees (FLEs) and their boundary-spanning role in service organizations’ innovation processes from the vantage points of creativity and service innovation theory. It explores in particular FLEs’ processes of creativity by focusing on how ideas emerge and how these ideas are further managed in the organizations’ innovation processes. It draws on an in-depth empirical study of three units at a large spa and resort hotel. The article demonstrates how FLEs’ ideas are related to the assimilation and utilization of knowledge gained in the customer–supplier interface. Furthermore, it introduces the concept of ‘management by weaving’, which encompasses the middle managers’ roles in the complexity of leading diverse innovation processes in the service organization. By having the roles of facilitator, gatekeeper, and translator, middle managers hold the key position for letting FLEs play the role as innovators.     

从财务会计走向知识会计——一个简单的逻辑思考

知识经济时代的知识企业是以知识资本为主导生产要素的,这就给知识企业的管理活动提出了新的课题,会计作为一项重要的经济管理活动同样面临诸多挑战。知识企业管理对象的重心必须转移：从工业经济时代的工业企业以财务资本为核心的管理转移到知识经济时代的知识企业以知识资本为核心的管理上来。知识企业管理重心的转移．必然导致工业经济时代反映财务资本的财务会计转移到知识经济时代反映知识资本的知识会计上来,以适应知识企业管理对象重心转移的需要。     

演化经济学视角下的技术与知识关系研究——兼论技术知识本质论的局限

认为技术的本质是知识甚至将二者等同起来的技术知识本质论是当前的主流观点,这种观点虽然有所进步但仍有其局限。演化经济学的发展为研究技术与知识关系提供了新视角,通过隐喻生物基因型和表型理论,技术可被理解为是以技术知识作为基因型的表型,是知识和外部环境耦合的结果,是类似于生物技能的人类关于如何做事的指令。这种技术与知识演化关系论不仅具有深刻的理论内涵和现实解释力,也契合现代自然科学和哲学的发展方向,是技术理论发展的必然趋势。     

浅议知识经济下企业管理的创新

阐述了知识经济的来源和管理创新的内涵．分析了知识经济时代管理创新的必要性,从企业战略、组织、文化三个方面探讨了知识经济下企业管理应作的相应创新。     

Do market information processes improve new venture performance?

Does market information improve new venture performance? While some researchers argue that entrepreneurs do not need formal processes to collect and use market information, others suggest that the use of formal market information processes is positively related to firm performance. In this paper, we hypothesize that new venture performance is an increasing function of (1) the firm's level of customer interaction and (2) the use of formal processes for collecting and utilizing market information. We also hypothesize that these linkages will be stronger among new ventures serving emerging markets (i.e., markets in which customer needs and segments are evolving). We test these hypotheses using data collected from 224 new ventures located in the United States. Our findings indicate that, regardless of market condition, formal processes for the collection of market information are positively associated with the use of formal processes for market information utilization and this relationship is stronger among firms serving established markets. In addition, new venture performance is positively associated with the use of formal processes for utilizing market information and this relationship is also stronger in established markets. We also find that, in emerging markets, new venture performance is a positive function of the use of formal processes for collecting market information. Contrary to expectations, we find that, regardless of market condition, the level of customer interaction has a negative relationship with the use of formal processes for market information utilization and no significant relationship with performance.     

The link between diet and health: an exploratory study of adolescents in Northern Ireland using foodmaps

A significant proportion of consumers in the UK continue to adopt a diet consisting largely of nutritionally unbalanced foods. The adolescent period has been identified as being formative in the development of long‐term eating habits as the individual achieves greater control over their food choice. By examining the current eating behaviour of a sample of adolescents, the aim of this study was to establish why they are not utilizing their knowledge to choose nutritionally balanced foods. A two‐stage data collecting procedure was adopted. In stage 1, respondents (n = 136) completed a questionnaire that measured demographic and social factors, knowledge, attitudes, pre‐existing behaviour with respect to food and the influence of family, peers, the media and government campaigns on their eating behaviour. In stage 2, a subsection of the respondents (n = 20) completed a foodmap, which revealed the network of relationships involved in the adolescents' decision‐making process by identifying the links among the foods consumed, the people they eat with and the places they eat in. Results emphasized the importance of the home environment and the continuing influence of parents on adolescents' eating behaviour despite the greater independence related to this stage of the life cycle. A proportion of the sample was found to have recognized the need to change their eating behaviour in order to lose weight, because of their sporting commitments or to improve their health. Recommendations from this study include the need for the various agencies involved in the promotion of balanced dietary behaviour to attend to the link among adult, family and adolescent, and the need for greater progress in enabling consumers to translate the theory of nutritional education into practice.     

The recognition and valuing of patient knowledge: a way forward

The health care that patients receive, particularly in acute care settings, is mainly based in biomedical knowledge. The scientific method of investigating health conditions has directly contributed to the development of this knowledge. This has made a significant contribution to increased survival rates, reduced recovery periods and extending the duration of life. The influence of consumerism on health‐care management has led to an expectation of increased patient involvement when making decisions about their treatment options. This assumes that the provision of information helps improve patients' understanding of the diagnosed health condition and assists them to make ‘good’ decisions. Accordingly, there is a greater focus on providing information to patients. The information provided to patients mostly involves explanation about the biomedical aspects of their health condition. However, patients also desire information about how the health condition will affect their everyday life. We call the understanding of the implications of this information ‘everyday knowledge’. Provision of this information can assist patients by helping them realize their expectations and providing reassurance to both patients and their significant others. Unfortunately, everyday knowledge that assists patients to understand and manage their daily life has not been as systematically researched or examined. While biomedical knowledge has been extensively developed and promoted through funding regimes, everyday knowledge has not benefited from the same support. The interactions in health‐care settings are influential in the generation and use of knowledge. Practises that encourage sensitivity by health professionals to each patient's situation need to be identified and implemented. An increased focus on the inclusion of everyday knowledge alongside biomedical knowledge is likely to enhance the relevance of the information that patients currently receive.     

多元高等教育价值观差异比较和构建意义分析

文章通过对个人本位、知识本位以及社会本位三大高等教育价值观的比较与分析．构建了以知识本位价值观为基础、结合个人本位价值观与社会本位价值观的教育价值观体系．以期为高等教育的发展和改革提供参考性的建议。