外资在华技术创新溢出是否促进内资企业技术进步——基于门槛效应的经验分析

利用2010—2019年中国A股上市公司数据,构建面板门槛模型,探讨外资在华技术创新溢出对内资企业技术进步的门槛效应。结果表明,外资在华技术创新溢出自身存在单门槛效应,对内资企业技术进步的影响呈倒U型关系;以行业外资竞争、内资模仿同构和区域知识产权保护为门槛变量发现,仅当外资竞争水平较低、内资模仿同构程度较低以及区域知识产权保护力度较大时,外资在华技术创新溢出才能促进内资企业技术进步,且其阈值效应存在行业和企业产权异质性。     

关系与结构洞的碰撞：科技成果转化中的隐性知识转化

透过关系填充结构洞视角,探索在中国特殊儒家文化背景下,关系如何缓解结构洞对隐性知识转化的阻碍作用,进而提升高校科技成果转化效率。通过对江苏省310名员工的问卷调查和社会网络分析,以及对60名员工的半结构化访谈发现,在高校科技成果转化过程中,结构洞会阻碍团队成员间的隐性知识转化,而关系能够促进隐性知识转化;关系能够缓解结构洞对隐性知识转化的阻碍作用,进而促进隐性知识转化;促进隐性知识转化能够提升高校科技成果转化效率。最后提出运用关系鼓励结构洞占据者填充其结构洞,连结两边不认识的个体,以促进整个网络的隐性知识转化,推动高校科技成果转化。     

军民科技创新合作网络结构与演化——基于专利合作与社会网络实证分析

推进军民科技协同创新是攻克制约我国国防与经济发展科技难题的重要举措。为探索军民科技协同创新发展路径,采用北京市装备制造业2000-2019年军队单位、军工单位与民口单位联合专利申请数据,运用社会网络分析法和ArcGIS空间分析法,对北京市装备制造业军民科技创新合作网络结构和演化特征进行研究。结果发现,北京市装备制造业军民科技创新合作网络经历军民分离阶段、军民融合初步发展阶段,现正处于军民融合深度发展阶段初期。从结构特性看,创新合作网络规模不断扩大、密度逐步降低,网络结构呈现“多核心”特征、网络具有无标度特性;从空间分布看,北京与华东、中南地区合作频繁,逐渐形成以北京—陕西、北京—江苏、北京—河南为主的多条军民科技协同创新连接渠道;从核心节点看,军工高校与军队院校仍是军民科技研究主力,对军民科技协同创新发展起重要带动和引领作用。     

高校科技创新、空间溢出与区域经济发展

本文搜集整理了2008—2017年31个省(市、自治区)(因数据缺失,不包括港澳台地区)高校科技创新能力及区域经济发展的空间面板数据,在评价各省域高校科技创新能力基础上运用ArcGIS探寻两者的空间分布特征.利用空间面板模型对高校科技创新能力对区域经济发展的影响进行参数估计;选取时点固定效应的空间杜宾模型将各变量对经济发展的空间溢出效应进行分解.研究结果表明:一是高校科技创新能力和区域经济发展在地理空间上的集聚特征更加集中;二是解释变量高校科技创新能力和各控制变量的提高对区域经济发展水平有显著正向影响;三是空间效应分解后,按直接、间接和总效应的作用方向、数值大小和是否通过显著性水平检验,结果可分为三类.     

A Cashless Society for All: Determining Consumers’ Readiness to Adopt Mobile Payment Services

ABSTRACT

The technology readiness index was applied to determine consumers’ readiness to adopt mobile payment services and the moderating effect of gender. Gender has been identified as a key variable in adoption and its vital role in market segmentation and gender empowerment obliges its inclusion. The results of the regression analysis indicate that convenience and compatibility drive consumers’ adoption whereas risk, cost and insecurity are inhibitors. Furthermore, gender moderates only the relationship between convenience and the adoption of mobile payment services. Given the moderating effect of gender, companies should initiate advertising campaigns targeting women opinion leaders in advertisements, which can in turn encourage and educate other women to enjoy the convenience of mobile payments. Results provide insights on how to increase adoption and reduce the gender gap in mobile payment services.     

Internet banking: a review (2002–2016)

This paper presents an exhaustive review of literature on the current developments in internet banking. It provides an overview of the changes as well as the ongoing research on internet banking. To identify relevant works, research databases were searched using 11 keywords. Only research papers on internet banking published in the last 15?years (2002–2016) were selected. The selected articles were further refined on the basis of country of origin, journal type, and research methods used for data analysis. Finally, 51 papers were selected on the basis of specific inclusion criteria for further analysis. These papers were grouped by research themes, and customer satisfaction with internet banking was identified as the most common theme.     

生产技术问题导向的创新体系研究

应用基于问题导向的科学研究方法论,在现有科技创新组织管理体系框架下,设计了以信息技术为支撑、以生产技术问题为导向的应用创新组织管理体系和创新资助体系,提出了体系建立的3个关键环节,即生产技术问题全面扫描机制、科学知识管理体系和创新基金“众筹”机制等,细化了科技创新管理体系,为高效集成创新资源、密切科技创新与产业发展关系提供了解决方案。     

An investigation into the mixed reported adoption rates for ABC: Evidence from Australia, New Zealand and the UK

An accumulated body of the literature confirms that the adoption of activity-based costing (ABC) can lead to a substantial improvement in organisational performance, productivity and profitability, and therefore encourages further adoption of the technique. However, studies investigating the diffusion of ABC have reported inconsistent and mixed results. This could cause uncertainty for many potential adopters of ABC (especially for those who follow the fashion and fads approaches) and influence their tendencies towards the adoption of ABC in the future. Addressing the diffusion process as a contextual factor, this study simultaneously investigates the adoption of ABC from the perspectives of different diffusion processes. Using two commonly adopted diffusion processes (the stages of adoption and the levels of adoption), this study examines the relationship between the reported adoption rates for ABC and the diffusion process approaches chosen to measure its adoption rates in three western countries: Australia, New Zealand and the UK. A similar questionnaire was used and more than 2000 qualified CIMA members (via a survey study and follow-up interviews) were targeted. The findings suggest a significant association between the reported adoption rates for ABC and the diffusion process approaches chosen to measure the adoption rates. The findings further suggest that the lack of a common understanding of ABC systems may have also contributed to the mixed reported adoption rates for ABC, as many ABC adopters have considered themselves adopters of traditional accounting systems by mistake (especially when they are dealing with ‘facility costs’ as one of the main cost hierarchies under ABC systems).     

产业升级中的本土市场规模效应

在产业升级过程中,本土市场的互动效应、市场规模的诱致效应与本土规模市场的终端需求效应能对其产生重要影响。这种影响集中体现为互动效应能够引导产业升级的需求发现,需求发现通过市场规模的相互催化为产业升级提供运营支持,终端需求效应通过参与式合作有助于发展产业升级所需的技术能力。我国市场规模巨大,产业升级应充分利用本土市场规模效应。这就需要建立正确的市场激励机制、加快本土市场发展,鼓励本土企业根植于国内经济的创新,推动本土企业与外来资本联合研发等。     

转轨国家技术创新效率的评价——基于转轨国家技术创新数据的经验分析

现有转轨经济理论研究中鲜有对转轨国家的技术创新效率问题进行探讨,而技术创新是转轨国家经济持续增长的源动力。基于此,本文运用整体分析和分段分析的研究方法,对24个转轨国家的技术创新效率进行了评价和比较,发现渐进式改革的国家技术创新效率从整体上高于激进式改革的国家,并且从其阶段变化动态来看,前者的效率提升幅度也大于后者。同时,需要指出的是转轨国家技术创新效率远远低于世界平均水平,未来转轨国家应该在政策和行动中加大对技术创新的投入力度,进一步提高研发支出在GDP中的比例,加快创新型国家的建设步伐,以便尽快赶上并超过世界技术创新效率的平均水平。