科技工作者时间分配和身心健康的现状及建议——基于长三角地区调查的实证分析

本文以长三角地区科技工作者时间分配和健康状况为研究对象。运用多元回归等方法,分析了883份长三角地区科技工作者的有效问卷。结果发现：当前科技工作者时间分配不合理、身心健康欠佳的情况严重,其中青年群体存在缺睡少动问题,高校教师和工程技术人员健康风险突出;时间分配和身心健康之间存在重要的交互影响,运动、睡眠、工作自主性等能提高身心健康水平,而压力、幸福感对工作时长、睡眠时间、工作自主性等分别有不同的影响。结合深度访谈、专家咨询等,课题组分析了时间分配不合理、健康状态欠佳的原因。最后从人才管理、科研管理、用人单位和社会环境四个方面,提出促使科技工作者提升时间管理和健康水平的对策建议。     

涉农企业技术创新存在问题及对策——基于杨凌示范区37家涉农企业的调查与思考

技术创新是涉农企业发展永恒的动力,为此,我们在对杨凌示范区37家涉农企业的技术创新状况进行问卷调查的基础上,分析了涉农企业技术创新的现状与存在的问题,例如涉农企业技术创新主体不明确、技术创新投入不足、企业缺乏顶级型创新人才和激励机制不完善等问题,并针对问题提出了涉农企业技术创新的对策,比如建立现代企业制度,改善融资环境,开展人才工程、走产学研的创新型道路和完善激励机制,以期能为陕西省区域经济的发展提供理论支持和决策依据。     

数字经济对中国全要素生产率的影响机理:提升效应还是抑制效果？

数字经济是新时代引领中国经济高质量发展的关键抓手。然而现阶段数字经济普惠性发展尚未实现,掣肘着其对国内全要素生产率的提升力度。文章在理论分析的基础上,基于熵权TOPSIS法测算了2012-2018年中国数字经济发展水平指数,探讨了中国数字经济对全要素生产率的影响机理。研究发现：数字经济的发展显著提升了中国全要素生产率水平,但区域层面上,东部地区的数字经济发展明显领先于中西部地区,引领着中国全要素生产率快速增长。从全要素生产率的分解指标来看,数字经济推动了技术效率提升,但现阶段国内关键核心技术环节薄弱以及数字产业化带来的人才和资金的虹吸效应导致数字经济对技术进步产生了阻碍作用。此外,当前数字经济对不同产业的渗透度存在明显的不均衡性,筑高了创新资源的流动壁垒,影响产业间协调创新及合理化布局,进而抑制了对全要素生产率的提升力度。进一步的机制检验表明在创新环境的支持下,人才集聚及金融规模强化了数字经济对全要素生产率的提升力度。     

探析新型工业化与民营经济科技创新的互动效应--以浙江为例

新型工业化与传统工业化具有截然不同的发展思维,新型工业化与传统工业化形成的剧烈反差将激发民营企业的创新动力。民营经济的科技创新凝结了以科技为核心的生产要素,开拓了一条向技术、人才、管理争效益的路径。顺应新型工业化与民营经济科技创新的互动机理,需要分析互动的环境因素、夯实互动基础以激活互动效应。     

Are Intellectual Property Rights Detrimental to Innovation?

Intellectual property rights are legal constraints that limit conditions of entry in industries where incumbents are innovators. The set of legal constraints is the same for all industries, and there is no consideration of the possibility that the externalities created by entry in a given industry may not necessarily be negative for the incumbent, or that the incumbent's R&D expenditures might actually be detrimental to new entrants. We show that one unique set of legal rules can foster innovation in some industries and be detrimental in others. Our model is illustrated by case studies from the Information and Communication Technologies industry.     

Organizational coordination, development proficiency, and on-time completion of development and international rollout: A contingency analysis of external environments

This study examines the moderating effects of external environmental variables on the relationships between organizational coordination, quality of implementation of new product development (NPD) activities, and on-time completion of (or timeliness in) product development and international new product rollout (INPR) among manufacturing firms in Korea. The results indicate that quality of marketing execution is of greater importance for achieving on-time NPD and multi-country rollout in markets where competitive intensity is high than when it is low. The positive effect of HQ-subsidiary relationships on INPR timeliness is strengthened in rapid rather than slower technology-change environments. By contrast, the positive effect of HQ-subsidiary relationships on INPR timeliness is weakened in high rather than lower competitive-intensity environments. In addition, the beneficial effect of cross-functional integration on NPD timeliness is weakened in markets characterized by a high rate of technological change. The article also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.     

Linking Innovation and Firm Performance: A New Approach

Using the second Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2) for the Netherlands, we analyse the input and output stages of the innovation process and the links between the innovation process and overall economic performance. We investigate the existence of feedback links running from past economic performance to the input and the output stage of the innovation process and compare the results of a single-equation approach with the results obtained from a simultaneous-equation model.     

Spillovers from foreign direct investment and firm growth: technological,financial and market structure effects

This article examines spillover effects from inward investment on domestic firm growth in the case of a developed host country. The emphasis is placed on the role of the technological gap between domestic and foreign firms in identifying the importance of technology diffusion from the presence of multinationals. An augmented production function is employed to account for technological, financial and market structure effects. Based on a sample of 2589 manufacturing firms operating in Greece between 1992 and 1997, the analysis provides evidence that the significance of spillovers varies with the relative technological position of domestic firms and is higher in the middle and upper quantiles of the growth distribution. It was estimated that a unit increase in the foreign presence in Greek industry raises output growth by 7% on average, in a five‐year period, after controlling for technological differences among firms. This result is consistent with the ‘absorptive capacity’ hypothesis that the technological capability of the host country relates positively to FDI spillover benefits.     

Host country’s environmental uncertainty,technological capability,and foreign market entry mode: Evidence from high-end equipment manufacturing MNEs in emerging markets

The paper investigates the impact of the host country’s environmental uncertainty on the choice of entry mode and also discusses the moderating role of technological heterogeneity in this relationship. Based on the resource-based view and institutional theory framework, we first analyze the investment motivation of emerging industries in emerging markets and evaluate the environmental uncertainty from two dimensions, including the institutional environment (country level) and industry environment (market level). Then, the theoretical predictions are empirically tested using 173 overseas investment events in China’s high-end equipment sector from 2010-2018. Our findings suggest that when the uncertainty of the industry environment is low, no matter how uncertain is the institutional environment, most firms tend to choose a cooperative strategy. Once the industry environment indicators become turbulent, a high degree of institutional environment uncertainty causes firms to evade trade barriers by choosing a new plant. Alternatively, choosing a relatively conservative mode, such as export. Meanwhile, technological capability weakens the influence of environmental uncertainty on entry mode.