When Do Local Firms Benefit from Inward Foreign Direct Investment? A Longitudinal Study of China's Manufacturing Sector Covering 1998–2007

Using comprehensive panel data on manufacturing firms in China during the 1998–2007 period, this study examines whether and when recipient local firms benefit from foreign direct investment (FDI). Local firms’ productivity improvements by the presence of foreign entrants are estimated, and according to the results, the relationship between FDI and local firms’ productivity shows an inverted U‐shaped pattern, with productivity increasing up to a certain point beyond which a higher level of FDI reduces local firms’ productivity. More importantly, the U‐shaped pattern is found for FDI from both non‐HMT foreign firms and overseas Chinese HMT (Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) firms. In addition, the U‐shaped pattern varies across subnational regions such that the threshold at which an increase in FDI reduces productivity is lower for indigenous firms in coastal regions. This suggests that in China, local firms in inland and rural regions are the top beneficiaries of spillover effects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

技术会聚对创新绩效的作用机制研究

随着社会经济快速发展,技术会聚备受关注。基于美国专利商标局授权的2 025项中国专利数据,利用负二项回归模型,探讨组织机构技术会聚程度对创新绩效的作用机制,并引入技术知识成熟度和技术知识流动性作为调节变量。研究结果表明：组织机构技术会聚程度与其创新绩效呈倒U型关系;组织机构技术知识成熟度削弱了技术会聚程度与创新绩效之间的关系;组织机构技术知识流动性削弱了技术会聚程度与创新绩效间的关系。研究结论可为组织机构提高创新绩效提供理论依据。     

国外研究与开发(R&D)之溢出效果:基于我国1985-2005年的经验研究

在开放经济系统中,一国技术进步不仅取决于自身的研究与开发投入,也取决于国外的研究与开发投入。本文利用协整分析和误差修正模型,对国外研发对我国技术进步的影响效果进行了经验分析。结果表明,基于贸易渠道和外国直接投资渠道的溢出效应均对我国的技术进步起促进作用,并且贸易渠道的正向溢出效果与外国直接投资相比在逐渐加强。在此基础上提出了更好地吸收利用国外研发溢出效果的几点建议。     

技术成就与地区中小出口企业可持续发展的相应革新对策

在当前世界的经济危机中,我国中小出口企业也面临着很大的困境,与发达国家相比,我国中小出口企业受困于多方因素的制约,生产扩张受阻。本文认为:中小出口企业扩张的关键是技术成就的充分利用。据此提出变革中小出口企业发展策略,实现生产可能性扩张的对策建议。     

电子商务平台出口影响因素及其溢出效应——基于消费者关键词搜索视角的研究

跨境电子商务平台上汇集了消费者对商品的"碎片化"需求,具体表现为消费者搜索大量表述各异的关键词。搜索同一个关键词的消费者具有相同的需求从而形成了特定的细分市场,因此本文从依据关键词划分的细分市场角度出发,在价格和评分的基础上引入搜索排名作为电商平台出口影响因素,由于跨境电子商务平台上广泛存在着交叉销售行为,本文还分析了上述影响因素对企业其他商品出口的溢出效应。研究结果表明:商品的排名提升、价格下降和评分提高不仅能增加其细分市场出口量,还能增加企业其他商品的出口量;其中商品排名提升的影响是通过增加商品点击量和提高消费者购买意愿来实现的;在消费者有品牌偏好或明确购买目标的细分市场中,商品排名的作用会有不同程度的减弱;当商品和消费者需求越匹配时,商品排名提升对促进出口的作用越大。     

Spillover effects of a mega shopping complex on pre-existing,small retail shops over space,over time and across retail types

This paper studies spillover effects from Starfield, a mega shopping complex in South Korea, to pre-existing, small retail shops over space, over time and across types of retail shops. Using the data on daily store traffics, we test for any complementarity or substitutability from Starfield to neighboring retail shops. Our analysis shows that spillover effects of Starfield on neighboring retail shops are equivocal in the short run. During the first year of the opening of Starfield, the contemporary effect (or the short-lived effect, lasting a single day) of Starfield is negative for consumer goods stores and personal service shops outside the 3-km radius, while it is positive for restaurants and bars within the 5-km radius. After that first year has passed, only the positive contemporary effect on restaurants and bars survives, and the cumulative effect (or the longer-lasting effect) turns significantly positive for consumer goods stores within 1.5 km of Starfield and personal service shops in the 1.5-to-3-kilometer radius. Our analysis estimates the temporal path of spillover effects—both contemporary and cumulative effects—from a newly-built mega shopping complex to neighboring retail shops, which is a novel contribution to the retail literature.     

全球价值链下中美两国出口品技术含量的动态研究

后危机时代,国际生产与贸易的格局正经历着深刻的调整,中美产业结构也随之发生巨大的变化。传统的出口总量统计法不考虑进口的中间产品值,高估了中国的国际分工地位,本文试图建立一套有效测度出口品技术含量的分析方法,利用投入产出表计算了中美两国若干年份出口产品的全部技术含量、国内技术含量和国内技术含量指数。结果显示:通过参与全球价值链分工,中国和美国出口品技术含量明显提高,但中国产业结构仍处于价值链分工的低端,而美国处于价值链分工的高端,且上升趋势明显。中国要实现经济可持续发展,必须实现产业升级,最后提出中国产业升级的对策。     

Accommodating the Needs of iConsumers: Making Sure They Get Their Money’s Worth of Digital Entertainment

The current methods of distributing music and film on the mass-market, either off-line or on-line, raise two types of consumer protection issues. First, consumers are not always in a position to know what they can and cannot do with their digital hardware and content. A lack of proper information and the ensuing failure of the products to meet the consumer’s expectations inevitably leads to discontent. In addition, as weaker party in the transaction, consumers have often no other choice but to accept or refuse the restrictive terms of use, even if these could be regarded as unfair. This paper examines whether European law is amenable to accommodate the iConsumer’s needs, and if so, in what form.

Trade, technology, and the rise of the service sector: The effects on US wage inequality

This paper uses a multi-sector version of the Ricardo-Viner model of international trade to quantify empirically the effects of technological changes, international trade, changes in the sectoral composition of the economy, and other factors on the US wage premium. The main finding of the paper is that changes in the sectoral composition of the economy were the most important force behind the widening of the wage gap, accounting for about 60% of the relative increase in wages of skilled workers between 1970 and 1996. In essence, capital was reallocated to sectors where it is relatively complementary to skilled workers.     

跨国移民、人力资本结构与技术创新

本文在"新人才流失经济学"的框架下,以分工理论为基础,分析了跨国移民对于发展中国家人力资本结构及技术创新的影响。分析显示,由于较低的知识存量和较高的协调成本,在技术水平较为落后的移民来源国,熟练劳动力通常更倾向于选择通才教育,从而独立进行创新活动。相反,在技术较为先进的移民目标国,熟练劳动力则更倾向于选择专才教育,从而以分工合作的方式从事创新活动。受国内外协调成本差异的影响,跨国移民会激励移民来源国的劳动力更多的选择专才教育,从而改变移民来源国人力资本的结构并影响技术创新的效率。