Amenity values of spatial configurations of forest landscapes over space and time in the Southern Appalachian Highlands

This research analyzes amenity values of spatial configurations of forest landscapes over space and time in the Southern Appalachian Highlands using geographically weighted regression (GWR) in a hedonic housing-price framework with a census-block group (CBG) dataset. Results show that housing-price response to mean forest-patch size and forest-patch density increased substantially between 1990 and 2000 in a few specific areas with economically significant amenity values. The spatial and temporal dynamics of the resulting amenity-value estimates are evaluated for potential use as site-selection indicators for implementation of forest conservation programs.     

贸易政策、研发投入与技术进步

本文利用我国制造业部门13个行业1993-2005年的数据,通过协整检验和建立向量误差修正模型实证分析了贸易政策和研发投入对技术进步的动态影响.研究结果表明:贸易保护程度、研发投入和技术进步三者之间存在一种长期的均衡关系:贸易开放程度越高,研发投入越大,则技术进步越快.     

科技企业孵化器在技术范式转换过程中的作用分析

技术范式定义了进一步创新的技术机会和有关如何利用这些机会的基本程度,因此技术创新可以看成是新旧技术范式之间的转换。科技企业孵化器以为高新技术产业的创新服务为目标,由此提出科技企业孵化器能有效地促进技术范式的转换:企业孵化器扶植新技术,在技术群中筛选出有市场前景的创新技术,并且促进技术范式转换过程中"正外部性"的产生和集聚效应、规模效应的发生,加快二次创新,增强企业新技术范式的创生能力。     

基于复合权重的科技成果立体式综合评价模型

传统的科技成果奖励评价模型只考虑了评价指标和评价项目两部分内容,而没有考虑专家权重因素,应用教育与心理测量理论中的信度系数建立专家权重,同时采用CRITIC法和理想点法构建了基于复合权重的科技成果立体式综合评价模型。研究表明,该模型能够较好地处理多指标、多因素的综合问题,能减少科技成果评价工作中人为操纵因素的影响,具有可操作性和实用性。     

How different types of partners influence innovative product sales: Does technological capacity matter?

Extant empirical studies examine the effect of different types of partners on innovative product sales. Although these studies present ambiguous results, little research pays attention to the factors leading to this ambiguity. Therefore, this study investigates how technological capacity affects the relationships between different types of partners and innovative product sales. Based on a sample of manufacturing firms from the technological innovation survey, this study reveals several interesting results. First, for the sales from significantly improved products, technological capacity positively impacts on the links between the sales and collaborations with suppliers and also with customers, but negatively moderates with competitors and with research organization. Second, however, on the sales of marginally changed products, technological capacity negatively affects the collaboration with suppliers, but positively impacts on alliance with research organizations. These results increase understanding of the relationships between different types of partners and innovative product sales.     

ADOPTION AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPACT OF MODERN RICE VARIETIES IN BANGLADESH

Technological progress has helped Bangladesh to achieve self‐sufficiency in rice production in 2001 from a heavy import‐dependence, despite doubling of population and a reduction in arable land since its independence in 1971. As the adoption of modern varieties (MV) of rice is reaching a plateau, particularly for the irrigated ecosystem, an important issue is whether the research system will be able to sustain the growth of production. The present paper addresses the following questions: (i) to what extent farmers have been replacing the old MV with the new MV, and (ii) what has been the impact of the variety replacement on productivity and profitability. How crucial is the continuous research and release of improved rice varieties toward improving farm production and income for farmers comes out as a clear message to policymakers from the current paper.     

产业集群与信息化

当代世界经济发展正在出现一种引人关注的空间模式,有人称之为产业集聚或产业集群,而构成产业集群的系统的基本要素是物质与信息。在集群中产业之间能量传递和交换的物质流与信息流是相互依存的,但两者在产业关联中的作用方向正好相左。由于数字和网络技术的飞速发展所带来的是信息和它的实物载体的分离。信息流的地位和作用迅速提高,使集群中的产业关联基础发生了从物质流为主向信息流为主导的根本性转变。     

Linking Innovation and Firm Performance: A New Approach

Using the second Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2) for the Netherlands, we analyse the input and output stages of the innovation process and the links between the innovation process and overall economic performance. We investigate the existence of feedback links running from past economic performance to the input and the output stage of the innovation process and compare the results of a single-equation approach with the results obtained from a simultaneous-equation model.     

Schumpeter and Steindl on the dynamics of competition

This paper compares and contrasts the contributions of Joseph Alois Schumpeter and Josef Steindl to the competitive paradigm. Both reject the static nature of traditional profit maximizing analysis and the analytical device of a representative firm. Instead they both opt for a dynamic framework in which there is a key role for innovation. Differences emerge in terms of the characteristics of individual firms that nurture the competitive struggle and are responsible for technical change. The maturation process of a capitalist economy, whereby a natural progression will involve an increase in concentration, as prescribed by Schumpeter and Steindl is also explored, as is criticism of their analyses. Finally the holistic approach to competitive modelling, a legacy of these two economists, is expounded and challenges for the future identified.     

论中国经济长周期波动的特殊性

本文的分析表明,技术创新和制度创新是长波运行的主要动力。中国经济长波存在超长的上升期,这一特殊性源自我国技术创新和制度创新的不断进展。我们应继续以持续的技术创新和制度创新来推动我国经济长波的高位平稳运行。