Network Production,Efficiency And Technological Options: Toward A New Dynamic Theory Of Telecommunications ‡

In this work we propose a new model for the analysis of telecommunications (Tlc) networks production. This represents an extension of the fund-flow model by Georgescou-Roegen originally applied to the manufacture and agriculture sectors. The adopted framework enables us to describe the functioning of a Tlc network - and the technique underlying the different types of Tlc traffic - by means of a system of multi-production where the production time profile has been clearly defined. One of the most innovative elements of our analysis is the ability to analytically represent the qualitative features of technological options. It also signals new productive options connected to new Tlc services and the introduction of new network facilities. In this way we hope to both further a theoretical understanding of the technological dynamics of the Tlc sector, and provide guidance as to the strategic choices of the economic actors involved.     

Linux环境中Web服务器的配置与优化

文章详细讲解了在Linux操作系统中如何配置和优化Web服务器,希望为后续的技术应用奠定坚实基础。     

The problem of private under-investment in innovation: A policy mind map

This paper reviews the major finance-related causes of private under-investment in innovation and the consequent alternative choices for public policy. The focus is on (i) incentive-based arguments that address the problem of limited appropriability of new knowledge, and (ii) the lacking access to external sources of finance caused by imperfections in the capital market. Drawing a policy mind map, which aims to enhance the mutual awareness and coordination of policy makers at the crossroads of technology and corporate finance, the paper is organised along the following chain of thought: (i) causes and rationales, (ii) aims and targets, (iii) critical constraints, and (iv) the main finance-related instruments of innovation policy.     

Measuring sustainability: Why the ecological footprint is bad economics and bad environmental science

The ecological footprint is a measure of the resources necessary to produce the goods that an individual or population consumes. It is also used as a measure of sustainability, though evidence suggests that it falls short. The assumptions behind footprint calculations have been extensively criticized; I present here further evidence that it fails to satisfy simple economic principles because the basic assumptions are contradicted by both theory and historical data. Specifically, I argue that the footprint arbitrarily assumes both zero greenhouse gas emissions, which may not be ex ante optimal, and national boundaries, which makes extrapolating from the average ecological footprint problematic. The footprint also cannot take into account intensive production, and so comparisons to biocapacity are erroneous. Using only the assumptions of the footprint then, one could argue that the Earth can sustain greatly increased production, though there are important limitations that the footprint cannot address, such as land degradation. Finally, the lack of correlation between land degradation and the ecological footprint obscures the effects of a larger sustainability problem. Better measures of sustainability would address these issues directly.     

Technological diffusion,migration and entrepreneurship in China

In the past decades, China has been experiencing a huge mass of internal migration with rapid economic development. Using the 2005 Census data, our paper empirically explores how migration experiences affect entrepreneurship heterogeneously. The “falling” migration experiences, from a relatively developed place to a developing place, could enhance the human capital accumulation of migrant workers and assist them to become entrepreneurs. Moreover, we find that migrant entrepreneurs are more likely to engage in the industry with a comparative advantage in their original residential places. That is, technology diffuses with migration.     

Knowledge externalities,innovation and growth in European countries: the role of institutions

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the linkages between institutions and economic growth in the European context and highlights innovation as the intermediate variable that drives this interplay. Building on the literature in the evolutionary approach to the economics of innovation and in the economic growth theory with a political economic perspective, we assume that knowledge externalities can fully take place where institutions guarantee a level playing field in the access to knowledge. We estimate the effects of a set of relevant institutional variables on the growth rate of technological knowledge and per capita GDP for a sample of European countries. The empirical analysis confirms that institutions that tend to equalise opportunities to innovate significantly amplify the impact of an exogenous increase in the knowledge base on the growth rate of per capita GDP.     

能源禀赋与产业技术进步对碳排放强度的影响效应研究

基于1997-2015年长江经济带11个省份的区域面板数据，实证研究了能源禀赋、产业技术进步及二者交互对碳排放强度的影响。研究表明：①产业技术进步会降低碳排放强度，能源禀赋会提高碳排放强度，并且产业技术进步的抑制作用强于能源禀赋的促进作用；②能源禀赋和产业技术进步存在较强的交互作用，产业技术进步可能导致区域能源禀赋相对优势丧失，而能源禀赋优势丧失又会反作用于产业技术进步动力和需求，二者形成的良性互动有利于碳排放减少；③能源禀赋和产业技术进步对碳排放强度的影响存在区域差异，但二者交互作用在不同区域均表现为显著的抑制效应。基于以上结论，对促进长江经济带可持续发展提出以下政策建议：第一，提高能源利用效率，降〖JP〗低单位产出能耗；第二，推进科技创新，提高技术水平，积极开发、利用清洁能源；第三，因地施策，充分发挥产业技术进步通过能源禀赋抑制碳排放的交互作用。     

A fuzzy-based roadmapping model for enhancing high-tech small firms’ technological entrepreneurship capabilities: cases of Iran

ABSTRACT

Technology-based firms need to survive via technological changes. Technological entrepreneurship is concentrated on identifying and exploiting the tech-opportunities for creating product innovation. This paper introduces a fuzzy-based tool to promote innovation throughout firms in order to enhance technological entrepreneurship capabilities (TEC). The effort involves identifying components of TEC to develop the inference system, specifying the fuzzy relationship among these components, assessing the TEC in firms, and designing a TEC roadmap after a fuzzy-based gap analysis. Designed roadmaps introduce technological change priorities as a growth path to firms to move up along the ladder of competitiveness. Based on the results, a method for categorizing firms into four distinct levels that involve passive, reactive, proactive and innovative is introduced. Hence, firms have an action plan to enhance TEC from passive to innovative level in a time-based transition pathway.     

Examining export trade and corporate innovation: A multiphase difference-in-differences method

Using a multiphase difference-in-differences model, this study investigates the relationship between export trade and the corporate technological innovation of listed companies. It reveals that engaging in export trade increases corporate innovation input and output. In terms of patent output, export trade greatly promotes the output of invention patents and utility model patents with a high technological content. These conclusions remain valid after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. Regarding the mechanisms of the observed relationships, export trade stimulates corporate technological innovation mainly by realizing economies of scale and increasing risk-taking. The positive correlation between export trade and corporate technological innovation is strongest among state-owned enterprises, non-high-tech enterprises, enterprises based in central and eastern China, enterprises engaged in general trade, and enterprises exporting to developed economies. Given the growing trade frictions ongoing at the time of writing, the conclusions of this study provide vital practical guidance and empirical evidence for a national strategy of innovation-driven development.     

技术市场对重大科技创新影响的实证分析——技术输出与技术吸纳视角

利用2006-2018年全国省级面板数据，从技术吸纳和技术输出视角研究技术市场对重大科技创新的影响。结果发现，技术输出和技术吸纳对重大科技创新的影响呈现异质状态，即技术输出能够显著促进重大科技创新水平提升，而技术吸纳对重大科技创新的影响不显著。考虑到技术输出与重大科技创新可能存在内生性问题，选取劳动争议处理量作为工具变量进行回归，研究表明该结果具有稳健性。此外，研发人员与经费投入、高等教育水平等因素在促进重大科技创新水平提升过程中具有一定局限性。基于此，提出强化技术市场对重大科技创新影响效应的对策建议。