FDI流入、市场化进程与中国企业技术创新——基于system GMM估计法的实证研究

分析发现,国内市场化改革带来的制度改进能有效地促进FDI技术溢出效率,这说明FDI对技术创新的溢出效应主要通过其与市场化进程的交互关系得到发挥和增强;当市场化进程超过某个临界水平后,FDI对创新的总量效应为正,也说明相对完善的市场制度是FDI对本土企业技术创新发挥积极作用的必要前提。     

热电厂如何向“热”产品要效益

如何扭转热电厂供热亏本局面,是我国热电联产企业的一个重要问题。文中根据几年来的实践经验,阐述了如何向热产品要效益这一核心问题。     

The truth about 5G: It’s not (only) about downloading movies faster!

Likened to the discovery of electricity and the introduction of the internet, the arrival of 5G network technology has been met with great enthusiasm and high expectations for its futuristic potential uses. Envisioned 5G-enabled applications include autonomous vehicle fleets; fully immersive, continuous virtual reality; a tactile, sensor-based internet; and billions of peer-to-peer connected Internet-of-Things devices. Despite the hype, a recent survey suggests that most business managers and executives do not understand the technology and its transformative potential nor how to assess its appropriateness for their existing operations. In this article, we explore the potential future applications of 5G, where we are today with the technology, its adoption challenges, and how managers should evaluate investing resources into 5G.     

Strategic choice and broadband divergence in the transition to next generation networks: Evidence from Canada and the U.S.

This article investigates how infrastructure competition among broadband network infrastructure operators in Canada and the U.S. has influenced their incentives to increase fixed broadband connection speeds and invest in next generation fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) technologies. The evolution of measured broadband speeds since the late 2000s documents growing differences in the incentives of dominant broadband operators to respond to demand for higher speed connectivity by increasing connectivity speeds they deliver to their customers. Dominant network operators in Canada have shown relatively stronger incentives than their counterparts in the U.S. to invest in and increase the capacity of legacy platforms. In the U.S. FTTP deployment incentives have been somewhat stronger, but network operators have been more reluctant to upgrade legacy technologies to deliver higher speeds. Diversity of strategic choices by large operators helps explain increasing regional and local broadband infrastructure gaps within the two countries. A high dividend payout financial strategy and increasing vertical integration appear to enhance the potential for overinvestment and inefficient duplication in legacy platforms by competing infrastructure providers.     

Discursive Contestation on Technological Innovation and the Institutional Design of the UNFCCC in the New Climate Change Regime

ABSTRACT

Under the new climate change regime ushered in by the 2015 Paris Agreement, technology development and transfer have emerged as essential means of global action for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In particular, technological innovation has appeared as a leading component to be accelerated, encouraged, and enabled under the Paris Agreement. However, while making the rule book to implement the Paris Agreement, a clash has occurred between developed and developing countries over the meaning of technological innovation and the intervening policies of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to support innovation in developing countries. By exploring rule-making processes and expert-meetings under the UNFCCC, this paper examines how this discursive contestation has progressed in relation to the meaning of technological innovation and the creation of an appropriate institutional design to support developing countries’ achievement of technological innovation. The analysis is based on the theoretical framework of discursive contestation between the two discourses of de-regulatory ecological modernisation and green governmentality with right-to-development. This research concludes by positing some policy implications.     

技术进步与秩序失调：我国技术时代的社会稳定风险起源

根据主客关系，将技术分为象征技术、治理技术、工程技术、生活技术，进而对4种技术进行论证，探讨其理论意蕴。我国技术发展指导哲学经历了人民意志论、务实的实践理性、有机论的实践理性3个阶段，不同阶段4类技术地位不同，但总体上不匹配。技术进步具有双面性，引发社会稳定风险的原因不仅在于其直接负面效应，更深层次的是4类技术不匹配引发的社会结构变迁，包括文化结构去认同化、治理结构去权威化、社会生活结构物欲化，上述损害是对社会秩序的“蚁穴式蚕食”。社会稳定的核心在于4类技术相互匹配与动态均衡。从技术风险到技术秩序需要着眼于明确象征技术、系统化治理技术、重塑生活技术理念3个途径。     

产业结构升级的创新驱动效应研究——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

基于2008-2017年中国省际面板数据，对产业结构升级的技术创新与制度创新驱动效应进行面板回归分析。实证结果表明，技术创新和制度创新与产业结构合理化均呈负相关关系，即技术创新和制度创新不利于产业结构合理化；而技术创新和制度创新分别与产业结构高级化呈正相关关系，即技术创新和制度创新对产业结构高级化有积极促进作用；同时，技术创新和制度创新的交互项对产业结构高级化的影响显著为负，即技术创新与制度创新匹配程度较低，对产业结构高级化产生了阻碍作用。     

中国OFDI技术创新效应的传导机制——基于资本要素市场扭曲视角的分析

本文尝试构建一个中国OFDI(对外直接投资)技术创新效应传导机制理论框架,并对资本要素市场扭曲影响OFDI技术创新效应的作用机制和结果进行拓展分析。研究表明:近年来中国企业OFDI对技术创新具有正向效果,且OFDI企业可以通过从劳动密集型向资本密集型的转型升级、提高管理效率以及生产效率这三个重要途径实现其技术创新能力的跃升;现阶段中国资本要素市场扭曲现象会显著抑制企业OFDI技术创新效应,作用机制是,资本要素市场扭曲作为干扰外部摩擦因子,通过降低企业资本要素密集度和生产效率等渠道抑制企业OFDI技术创新效果。本文进一步提出构建知识产权金融化建议,包含知识产权股权化、知识产权证券化和知识产权流动性机制等内容,以此引导更多金融资源和人力资源参与企业技术创新活动。     

产业集群环境下网络权力对技术标准扩散的影响

产业集群为技术标准扩散提供了平台，拥有更高网络权力的企业，其技术标准扩散能力更强，但网络权力影响技术标准扩散的路径并不清晰。基于产业集群环境，分析了网络权力对技术标准扩散的影响，并探究了知识转移与技术创新的链式中介作用。分析了283家制造业集群内企业调研数据，利用链式中介作用检验方法实证研究发现：一方面，网络权力显著直接正向影响技术标准扩散；另一方面，知识转移和技术创新不但分别中介网络权力对技术标准扩散的正向积极影响，并且起到链式中介作用。基于研究结论，提出了促进产业集群环境下技术标准扩散的实践建议。      

An efficient airline seat reallocation algorithm considering customer dissatisfaction

Nowadays, many airlines tend to provide an advance seat selection service to maximize customer satisfaction to secure market shares in the competitive air transport market. However, the preassigned seat configuration of certain flight legs can be changed often due to aircraft changes for certain reasons, such as maintenance and reservation rates. Then certain customer's seat features, such as row location, position of aisle/window, relative location, and position with the same group member can be different before/after the change, and it can lead to huge customer dissatisfaction. Therefore, an efficient airline seat reallocation algorithm to minimize customer dissatisfaction is introduced in this study, which is based on mathematical model-based optimization with several types of objective functions that reflect customer dissatisfaction levels. A numerical example is performed to validate the developed airline seat reallocation algorithm, and an additional analysis is also executed to derive important insight.