高新技术企业认定对技术生态位的动态政策效应研究——来自高端装备制造业A股上市公司的经验证据

基于生态位理论，利用2008—2019年高端装备制造业A股上市公司2225个样本观测值，运用PSM-DID模型评估高新技术企业认定对企业技术生态位的政策效应。结果表明，认定政策对企业技术生态位“态”与“势”的促进效应具有动态长效机制，可显著提高企业当前技术创新能力和创新可持续发展潜力。其中，技术生态位“态”与“势”的历年政策效应存在以3年认定期限为周期的动态曲线变化；连续认定显著增强了认定政策对技术生态位“态”与“势”的促进作用；随着认定期限增加，认定政策对技术生态位“态”的正向影响呈倒U型变化趋势，而对技术生态位“势”的正向影响逐渐增强。从所有制异质性特征看，认定政策对国有企业技术生态位“态”与“势”的额外激励效应更强，但随着认定期限增加，有利于提升非国有企业当前技术创新能力。     

技术创新网络分裂断层、知识权力与创新独占性——知识势差的调节作用

创新独占性可表征创新合作群体对于自身知识、技术创新成果的利用和分享程度，决定着创新合作群体能够在多大程度上从创新成果中获利。创新独占性具有外部排他性和内部互补性的显著特征，有必要从技术创新网络视角出发，审视创新子群间相互关系对创新独占性的影响机理。以参与合作研发的高新技术企业群体为研究对象，构建技术创新网络分裂断层对创新独占性影响路径的概念模型。结果显示：技术创新网络分裂断层对创新独占性产生正向影响，知识权力在技术创新网络分裂断层与创新独占性之间发挥中介作用，技术创新网络分裂断层对创新独占性的影响受知识势差的负向调节。     

技术管理能力对突破性技术创新行为的影响：环境动荡性与竞争敌对性的联合调节效应

利用突破性技术创新实现“弯道超车，后发制人”是我国经济高质量发展的必由之路。突破性技术创新的成功离不开创新行为的实施，如何促进突破性技术创新行为成为理论和实践上亟待解决的问题。探索技术管理能力对突破性技术创新行为的影响，分析环境动荡性对技术管理能力与突破性技术创新行为间关系的调节作用，以及竞争敌对性对环境动荡性调节作用的调节效应。研究表明，技术管理能力对突破性技术创新行为具有显著正向影响，环境动荡性在技术管理能力与突破性技术创新行为的关系中起正向调节作用；竞争敌对性能够强化环境动荡性的正向调节作用。     

科研经费“包干制”改革逻辑动因及推进机制研究

科研经费“包干制”对激发科研人员潜能、提升科研绩效水平具有重要意义。在梳理中国科研经费政策演变的基础上，采用政策分析法对比美国、英国等发达国家科研经费管理模式，总结中国科研经费管理实践中存在的问题，探究改革的逻辑动因，并从考核、激励、容错、审计监督、防控预警、多中心治理6个方面设计科研经费“包干制”推进机制，以期破除科研经费改革中面临的梗阻，优化科技资金配置，调动科研人员热情，释放科研人员潜能，提升科研绩效水平。     

Modelling and forecasting national introduction times for successive generations of mobile telephony

An accurate prediction of the timing of a country's introduction of a new generation of mobile telephony benefits numerous agents including suppliers of network and consumer equipment, regulators, and network planners. We consider the estimation and prediction of the time interval between the international introduction of a generation of mobile telephony and its introduction into a specific country when a decision maker judges the introduction of a newer technology a worthwhile investment. Using literature-based socio-economic and geographical variables, we examine how well variation in international introduction times of four generations of mobile telephony in 172 countries can be explained and forecast. We model and forecast introduction times at two levels of granularity: we use Cox's proportional hazards model for the introduction time; we partition countries into introduction time-based segments and model segment membership using multinomial logistic regression. Our modelling of each generation considers three subsets of explanatory variables: All variables, socio-economic Covariates only, Regional dummies only. Over successive generations, the Covariates only models reveal the changing relevance of each socio-economic covariate. Model-based forecasting of the introduction time of the next generation is performed under three hypotheses making different uses of the information available at the time the relevant generation is launched internationally. However, changing socio-economic environments coupled with changing models impair forecasting accuracy, the lower accuracy of modelled introduction times is concentrated in 20% of countries. We speculate about the nature of the unobserved factors affecting these countries' decision processes.     

环境规制工具对环境友好型技术创新的区域性影响——以氢燃料电池技术为例

为了明确不同类型环境规制工具是否以及如何影响环境友好型技术创新，从而为环境规制政策制定提供有力依据，以氢燃料电池技术为例，基于中国2004—2017年省际面板数据，采用Sys GMM法进行实证检验，在此基础上，利用SPSS软件进一步将全国样本分为环境友好型技术创新高水平地区、中等水平地区以及低水平地区，检验环境规制工具影响环境友好型技术创新的区域性差异。结果显示，3种环境规制工具对环境友好型技术创新呈现出显著正向影响，且在环境友好型技术创新高水平地区，市场激励型和公众参与型环境规制工具的正向促进效应显著，但命令控制型环境规制工具并未对环境友好型技术创新形成有效激励；在环境友好型技术创新中等水平地区，市场激励型环境规制工具对环境友好型技术创新的负向影响显著，其余两种规制工具的激励效应不显著；在环境友好型技术创新低水平地区，仅有命令控制型环境规制工具显著影响环境友好型技术创新且表现为负向作用。     

试论“恶意不兼容”条款的司法适用及规制路径

随着互联网市场因产品或者服务兼容问题产生的竞争纠纷日益增多,2017年修订的《反不正当竞争法》第12条中新增了“恶意不兼容”条款,该条款从主、客观两方面对该问题的适用做出了直接的规定,但对于司法实践中如何在《反不正当竞争法》的思维逻辑下就此类频发的“竞争”行为进行属性认定以及合理确定判定规则的问题仍存在较大争议,这也直接关系到对此类问题法律适用的准确性。本文将在《反不正当竞争法》的视野及框架下,以“寒蝉效应”借喻,从“探讨框架”“判定路径”“规则确定”“适用延伸”等方面展开分析,就“不兼容”客观技术效果的对象范围、“不兼容”主观意图适用“恶意推定”的排除、“不兼容”实际技术效果的市场影响、“不兼容”与社会福祉总量变化的关系、“不兼容”合理事由的抗辩等五个方面对“恶意不兼容”条款的适用规则进行界定,以期有助于互联网领域不兼容行为规制路径的完善与发展。     

城市低碳产业发展的优化路径研究——以无锡市为例

城市低碳产业的发展需根据城市发展定位,契合城市产业特征,利用技术创新和制度创新来形塑符合城市未来经济发展的循环低碳经济之路.城市低碳产业的发展思路应以城市可持续发展、循环发展的理念为指导,以前瞻性的低碳产业发展规划为引领,力促城市制造业和服务业的转型升级,基于城市资源禀赋发展新兴产业和优势产业,形成城市低碳产业的联动效应.无锡作为低碳经济发展的典型城市,可以根据城市产业特点,通过完善低碳产业战略规划、构建低碳工业体系、培育低碳新兴产业、扩大低碳优势产业来构建和深化城市低碳产业体系;通过提供低碳技术创新保障、低碳金融制度保障、低碳合作制度保障和培养及引进低碳人才等途径优化城市低碳产业环境,促进城市低碳经济发展.     

MODELING AND MEASURING THE ECONOMIC ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

Designing and managing an economy's technology infrastructure requires both accurate economic models and data to drive them. Previous models treat technology as a homogeneous entity, thereby precluding assessing investment barriers affecting infrastructure elements. The model presented overcomes this deficiency by disaggregating the knowledge production function into key elements of the typical industrial technology based on the distinctly different investment incentives associated with each element. Without such a model, the economist's ability to assess important market failures associated with investment in the major technology elements, including those with infrastructure (public-good) characteristics, is compromised. Unfortunately, even with the correct knowledge production function, the required data are difficult to collect. This forces government agencies, which fund a majority of technology infrastructure research, to use second-best approaches for economic analyses. The second half of this paper therefore presents an analytical framework that can be driven by more accessible data and provide reasonable impact assessments until better data become available.     

THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ON THE QUALITY AND VARIETY OF INFORMATION PRODUCTS†

Anecdotal evidence suggests that producers of information products (TV programs, movies, computer software) may respond to potentially cost-saving technological change by increasing, rather than reducing, their total production investments in the ‘first copy’ of each product, possibly at the expense of product variety. Comparative statics show that under reasonable assumptions about consumer demand and production technology, competitive firms in a monopolistically competitive industry are in fact induced to increase first-copy investments as a result of either what we define as ‘quality-enhancing’ or ‘cost-reducing’ types of technological advance, whereas product variety either falls or stays the same. Results suggest that contrary to often held expectations, potentially cost-saving technological advances in information industries may result in greater market concentration.