赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权的法律释义及实现路径

赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权,是从权属规则设计上解决科技成果转化难的国家政策。但现行《合同法》、《科技进步法》、《科技成果转化法》等法律相关规定对政策试点形成制约,弱化了政策实施力度。从法律视角廓清科技成果定义及类型,界定科研人员性质及范围,探寻科技成果所有权改革的政策目的,并对政策执行面临的法律障碍进行分析,提出以意定优先为原则修订相关法律,以有利于科研人员的基准进行立法解释,并通过单位与科研人员事前协议、约定职务科技成果归属等路径,将职务科技成果所有权依法赋予科研人员,从而解决法律规定与政策执行冲突,确保政策实施的法律正当性。     

政府背景风险投资对创新的甄选与培育效果——不同区域环境视角的检验

以创业板企业数据为样本,使用Logit模型及工具变量法,研究不同区域环境下政府背景风险投资对企业创新的事前甄选与事后培育作用,并对其机制进行探讨。结果表明：①经济区域对政府背景风险投资行为影响有限,与非核心发达地区相比,金融发达地区的政府背景风险投资对企业技术创新没有表现出差异性甄选行为,但却有更好的事后培育作用,而且这种培育作用会随着地区投资环境优化而增强;②行政区域对政府背景风险投资行为影响显著,与异省投资相比,本省政府背景风险投资对技术创新的事前甄选具有显著优势,但对被投企业后续创新投入产生了一定的负面作用,这种作用会因政府背景风险投资占有董事会席位而加大。     

金融结构对技术创新效率的影响效应 ——不同金融发展模式对比分析

以技术创新阶段细分为研究基点,利用2009—2018年省级面板数据,构建超越对数随机前沿分析模型,实证检验技术研发阶段和创新市场化阶段不同金融发展模式下金融结构对创新产出与技术创新效率的影响效应。结果发现：在创新增量方面,银行体系发展对创新产出的正向激励效应显著优于股票市场发展,银行主导型金融结构对创新产出发挥着重要支撑作用。在创新增效方面,股票市场发展对技术创新效率的正向激励效应尤为显著,银行体系发展对技术创新效率产生抑制效应,造成较大程度的技术效率损失。结果表明,技术创新量高多产、提质增效依赖于金融结构持续优化和金融发展模式优势互补。     

历史制度主义视野下我国科技人才政策战略转型与变革逻辑

改革开放以来,我国科技人才政策历经恢复调整、初步确立、转型完善、深化改革到全面建设等5个发展阶段。基于历史制度主义分析范式,探究我国科技人才政策变革逻辑与动力机制。结果显示,路径依赖是我国科技人才政策保持结构稳定性与内在连贯性的基本阐释工具,体现在回报递增效应、多主体协作效应和制度场域自我强化等方面;关键节点在政治逻辑作用下成为科技人才政策变革的原始驱动力,其本质是在保证政治属性不变的前提下建构以绩效为核心的强制性制度变迁。进一步,在借鉴发达国家成熟经验的基础上,构建以“缓冲器”式中介组织为核心的行政认同、市场协调和学术本位之间的合理张力,进而推进利益相关者群体利益协调与整合机制成为我国科技人才政策不断自我革新的有效治理路径。     

智慧城市建设对城市科技创新能力的影响

基于2008—2018年中国212个地级市面板数据,构建双重差分模型,评估智慧城市建设对城市科技创新能力的政策影响效应,并对城市异质性进行拓展分析。结果显示,智慧城市政策能够显著提高区域科技创新能力,且城市科技创新基础越好,政策效应越突出。据此提出智慧城市建设应从优化科技创新投入结构、共建协同创新平台、完善成果转化机制、优化创新空间布局等多个维度协力打造科技创新生态,整体提升科技创新实力。     

在混凝土中氯盐对硫酸根离子扩散性能的影响

通过单一硫酸盐环境以及氯盐和硫酸盐共同环境中混凝土的浸泡腐蚀试验,研究腐蚀环境中氯盐的存在及其浓度变化对硫酸根离子在混凝土内部扩散性能的影响。结果表明,氯盐的存在可延缓硫酸根离子在混凝土内部的扩散;氯盐的存在能够降低硫酸根离子含量随时间增长的幅度,且氯离子浓度越大,这种降低作用越明显。     

Processes with volatility-induced stationarity: an application for interest rates

In this paper we propose a refinement of the existing definition of volatility-induced stationarity that allows us to distinguish between processes with drift and diffusion induced stationarity and processes with pure volatility-induced stationarity. We also propose a classification of stationary processes with volatility-induced stationarity according to the volatility that is needed to inject stationarity. Processes with volatility-induced stationarity are potentially applicable to interest rate time-series since, as has been acknowledged, mean-reversion effects occur mainly in periods of high volatility. As such, we provide evidence that the logarithm of the Fed funds rate can be modelled as a local martingale with volatility-induced stationarity.     

The diffusion of exporting in Brazilian industrial clusters

The present research aimed at understanding the process by which firms in a cluster start to export based on systemic interactions, and the process of diffusion of exporting as a business strategy within the cluster. Diffusion was defined, following Rogers’ (1995: 5) seminal work, as ‘the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system’. The research method used was industry case studies and the unit of analysis selected was the cluster. Two manufacturing industries were chosen to be investigated, and within each geographic area clusters were identified as the origin of dynamic export growth in the industry. Players in each industrial cluster, as well as other significant actors, were interviewed. Extensive secondary data research was done to study clusters’ historical development. Detailed analysis and a comparison of the experiences permitted the extraction of some general conclusions concerning the similarities and differences between the clusters in terms of the adoption and diffusion of exporting. Results showed that the diffusion of exporting in an industrial cluster is quite similar to the dissemination of technical innovation. Social ties were important to facilitate the diffusion of exporting in one of the clusters studied. Also, the role of domestically-owned flagship firms in leading the internationalization process proved to be important in only one of the clusters, while the role of external actors was fully supported in the two industries studied. Finally, a number of support institutions, private and public, interfered in different stages of the internationalization process. In both industries, the federal government had only a late and limited impact on export initiation and development.     

Production technologies in stochastic continuous time models

Properties of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models can be revealed by either using numerical solutions or qualitative analysis. Very precise and intuition-building results are obtained by working with models which provide closed-form solutions. Closed-form solutions are known for a large class of models some of which, however, have some undesirable features such as potentially negative output. This paper offers closed-form solutions for models which are just as tractable but do not suffer from these shortcomings.     

基于扩散张量的图像混合去噪方法

图像去噪过程中,主要目的是有效去除噪声的同时能较好地保存图像的边缘与细节。基于此,本文根据自蛇模型与相干增强扩散的特征,提出了相应的混合去噪方法,并加入了保真项。实验结果表明该方法能有效去除图像噪声,同时对边缘信息的保留也较好。