拱桥静载试验研究

该文章介绍了对广州市某拱桥进行的静荷载试验的内容、检测方法、试验结果和分析总结;并依据试验结果对该桥的工作状态作出合理评价。     

科技计划项目评审中项目与专家精准匹配的技术实现

针对科技计划项目评审中项目与专家匹配效率低、效果差的情况,提出构建包含向量空间模型与协同过滤模型的专家智能匹配模型。在提取评审项目组与专家信息特征的基础上,通过向量空间模型产生专家匹配列表,并通过协同过滤模型对匹配列表进行调整优化,从而得到项目与专家匹配结果。以广东省科技计划项目数据为例,开展实验并对模型进行验证,实验结果准确率达97.6%,匹配效果良好。     

Patent indicators for monitoring convergence - examples from NFF and ICT

The blurring of boundaries between hitherto distinct scientific disciplines, technologies or markets is a common and powerful phenomenon. Concentrating on monitoring convergence through patent indicators, we discuss convergence with examples from the area of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (NFF)/Cosmeceuticals as well as information technologies, consumer electronics, and telecommunications (ICT). We analyze 7455 scientific and patent references on phytosterols with the aid of SciFinder Scholar and 3836 documents employing STN AnaVist. Furthermore, we test an IPC co-classification based approach on 859,469 ICT-related and 341,846 NFF-related patents. Our results show clear indications for convergence and a proof of principle for our monitoring concept. Academics may better evaluate environmental parameters, like cases of convergence, influencing companies' actions. Implications for practitioners are based on a more reliable assessment prior to the forming of strategic alliances or mergers and acquisitions. This could help avoid costly adventures such as the mergers and acquisitions seen in ICT.     

Terrorism and its impact on economic growth and technological innovation

Recent terrorist acts, in particular the 9-11 attacks in 2001, have created disruptions in the global economy. The short-term impact had been felt in the global tourism, airline industries, as well as the financial markets. While the global economy has recovered and is adjusting to the new global realities, the longer-term impact of heightened security risk across the world can be felt in the form of higher risk premiums in asset markets, as well as a shift of resources towards dealing with terrorism. Just as World War II had accelerated the development of nuclear energy as well as a major contributing factor in the genesis of Silicon Valley, the current war against terrorism will affect both the pace and trajectory of technology trends, as efforts are focused on developing technologies to combat terrorism. In this paper, we review the effects of the current war on terrorism in terms of its impact on the economy, the allocation of resources to R&D, and the trajectory of future R&D.     

专利质押贷款风险动态监控预警研究

专利质押贷款为科技型中小企业提供了一种有效的融资方式,但是由于资产规模等问题,专利质押融资风险远高于其它抵押贷款方式,因此需要在贷款后对企业还贷风险进行实时动态监控预警。首先建立了科技型中小企业贷款风险预警指标体系,并依据Kalman滤波理论建立了风险动态预警模型,确定了企业还贷能力由健康到轻度危机再到重度危机的两个分割点,进而检测企业贷款偿还能力从健康-财务波动-财务危机的演变轨迹。实证研究表明,该模型的总体判别准确率较高,预警效果好。      

集权式股权结构会影响信息技术企业创新吗——非执行董事的中介效应

中国企业普遍具有高股权集中度。基于双重委托代理理论,以Osiris和CSMAR数据库中国信息技术类全球上市公司为样本,研究不同集权式股权结构对企业创新的差异化影响,以及非执行董事在二者关系中的作用机制。结果显示,绝对集权式股权结构更易形成控股股东的“支持效应”和大股东间“同舟共济”,体现为保守的创新投入和较高的创新产出;相对集权式股权结构更易形成控股股东的“掏空效应”和大股东间“同床异梦”,体现为较高的创新投入和较低的产出。基于中介效应机制的研究表明,非执行董事对创新投入的决策效应不显著,但对创新产出的“监督效应”显著,且非执行董事具有显著中介效应。进一步分析表明,两职分离能够抑制相对集权式企业控股股东的“掏空”行为;家族企业在相对集权式股权结构下的“掏空效应”和“同床异梦”更明显。     

Technological innovation and diffusion of wind power in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the diffusion of wind power in Japan by focusing on the value chain and the interaction between technology and markets and to contribute towards recommendations on technology policy and management. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the early stage diffusion of wind power systems by combining the use of several approaches considering wind power system as a complex technological system. Firstly, the business system approach is used as an analytical framework by focusing on efficiency, effectiveness and development criteria. As a second approach, the technological trajectory was analyzed based on the concept of technological disequilibrium and the evolutionary patterns of innovation of wind power generation systems were analyzed and the relationship between innovations at the sub-system, modular, and system level was identified. We apply the framework to investigate why wind power diffusion has not picked up momentum in Japan.The results include the following: (1) Technological imbalances within the product system were solved by technological innovation (2) The wind power business in Japan is insufficiently effective due to organizational disequilibrium (3) The technology system has begun to evolve in the direction of micro grid systems. (4) It is important to consider the demand-pull measures for wind power generation so that Japanese institution can have a “time slot” for ”learning by doing” to catch up and accelerate diffusion of wind power generation, including institutional reform of RPS law. Also further technological development related to stabilizing unstable wind energy is required.     

集成动员理论下军民科技协同创新机制设计研究

军民科技协同创新能力是国家科技整体竞争力的重要组成部分。近年来,军民科技协同创新取得显著成效,但也存在诸多问题,严重阻碍了军民科技协同创新深入发展。因此,迫切需要对军民科技协同创新机制进行系统性设计。基于集成动员理论的核心思想,借鉴其组织模式和运行机制理论,针对军民科技协同创新机制不明晰等问题,对军民科技协同创新机制进行系统性设计,提出在军民科技协同创新管理机构的引导下,将军民科技协同创新的各种资源要素和功能集成于军民科技协同创新服务平台,为军民科技协同创新流程和成果转化流程两大板块提供相关服务,并构建相关运行保障机制,进而实现军民科技协同创新集成化、敏捷化、模块化、高效化管理,进一步完善军民科技协同创新管理体系。     

如何降低科技行政审批腐败发生率——模型、机理与实现路径

科技行政审批在缺乏有效的制度约束下,极易引发腐败行为。通过构建科技行政审批与腐败发生率关联机理模型,经过相关性分析、内在一致性与EFA检验以及二阶验证性因素分析,拟合出结构方程模型路径系数。结果显示,市场激励型科技行政审批能够直接影响腐败发生率,命令控制型科技行政审批与市场激励型科技行政审批都可以通过科技行政审批人员滋生消极腐败的公共服务动机进而产生腐败行为,市场化程度提升带来的外在影响相对于内在公共服务动机变异对于腐败发生率增加的影响表现得更加显著。因此,针对不同类型科技行政审批,可实施差异化腐败预防控制机制,转变审批人员公共服务动机,阻断腐败发生的中介,深化科技行政审批制度改革,推进审批制度化、标准化、规范化建设,精简优化科技行政审批流程,提高审批集约化程度,以效能提升倒逼腐败发生率下降。