技术引进与外资利用：促进科技产业发展的战略与政策

本文首先通过对我国外资利用及国内外经济技术竞争的分析．作出基本的判断,在对国内外结构性调整及政策性因素的影响进行讨论后,从宏观发展视角．对我国利用外资中引进技术存在的体制、政策等作出分析;最后,根据跨国企业直接投资将成为未来我国外资主要构成的预期．提出着眼于长远发展利益的我国引进技术和利用外资的战略与政策。     

中国海洋科技资源配置研究

基于中国海洋科技资源配置现状,提出了当前存在的两个关键学术问题。探讨了“海洋科技梯度”的内涵定义,构建了基于涉海城市的“海洋科技梯度系数测度改进模型”;搜集整理了2001—2014年海洋科研机构的科技统计数据,在海洋科技创新效率测度的基础上,测算了全国涉海城市的海洋科技梯度,深入分析了我国海洋科技资源配置的总体规律。研究表明：我国海洋科技资源配置在区域空间上呈现“东高北高、南低中西低”布局,以行政为导向呈现出北上广的强势崛起,以政策为导向呈现出深圳、南宁、沈阳、济南等的后发优势。最后,讨论了当前海洋科技资源配置的形成原因,并提出了对策建议。     

What drives technology transitions? An integration of different approaches within transition studies

This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of transition drivers by reviewing four major strands of inquiry in transition studies: Multi Level Perspective (MLP); Strategic Niche Management (SNM); Transition Management (TM); Technological Innovation Systems (TIS). To the best of our knowledge, none of these contributions have so far provided a clear-cut classification of main drivers of transitions, as evidenced by the difficulty of practitioners in reaching goals as entrepreneurs, or policy makers in supporting economic growth. We believe that these theoretical streams share views relating the origin and drivers of transitions and that the analysis of the multi-level developments and systemic sub-processes by using the Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA) allows for a more comprehensive identification of transition drivers. By mapping causal relationships within each perspective and by developing an integrative framework that takes in due account of overlaps between theories, we derived a new conceptual structure for the identification of transitions’ drivers.     

大学科技园科技服务合作治理模式研究

为提升科技服务质量,大学科技园区纷纷探索新型建园模式。以重庆市北碚国家大学科技园为研究对象,采用扎根研究方法,剖析大学依托、政府支持、企业运作的共建办园、合作治理模式,探究其发展路径、特色优势及发展趋势。     

Agent‐based modeling for ex ante assessment of tree crop innovations: litchis in northern Thailand

This study uses an agent‐based model for ex ante assessment of agricultural innovations. The model builds on whole farm mathematical programming (MP) and extends the methodology with a spatial representation of the system, the heterogeneity of farm households and landscapes, and the interaction between farm households. We apply the model in a northern Thai watershed to study the potential of four innovations to increase the profitability of litchi orchards. Cost‐benefit analysis shows that each innovation would increase the profitability of litchi growing; however, the results of the agent‐based model show that at current price levels these innovations alone would not be enough to stem the decline in the area under litchis. The model was validated and the sensitivity of the results tested for variations in the irrigated water supply and liquidity. We report on how farmers responded to these results and discuss the implications for other areas in northern Thailand.     

资本深化、技术进步与全球化下的劳动报酬份额

劳动报酬在国民收入中所占份额,一定程度上决定了一国最终消费需求大小。本文在新古典分配模型基础上,讨论了资本深化、技术进步以及全球化对我国劳动报酬份额影响机制,并运用省际面板数据进行实证分析。结果显示,具有资本增强属性的技术进步和过快的资本深化,偏离了现阶段我国要素禀赋结构,显著地降低了我国劳动报酬份额,全球化对提高我国劳动所得影响不明显。最后,本文给出了相关政策建议。     

共性技术下异质企业对学研方合作行为的演化博弈仿真分析

共性技术因其在技术创新链条中的基础性地位和对相关产业集群创新的巨大拉动效应,受到各国政府的广泛重视,而产业共性技术创新必须依靠政府指导下、不同产业共同参与的“产学研”合作模式,运用两群体模仿者动态微分方程,分析了在不同情景下分别来自新兴产业和成熟产业的两类异质企业间与学研机构合作研发共性技术的演化博弈过程和稳定策略,并运用数值模拟对理论命题逐一进行仿真验证,最后得出结论与启示。     

技术创新能力生命周期与研发投入对企业绩效的影响

研发投入与企业绩效的关系一直备受国内外学者关注,但对该问题的研究并未得出一致结论。技术创新能力是高新技术企业内部能力的基础,不同技术创新能力水平下研发投入对企业绩效的影响存在显著差异。通过分析78家高科技上市公司2007-2013年面板数据,建立回归方程模型,探讨了在不同企业技术创新阶段研发投入与绩效的关系。实证研究表明,在成长期与成熟期,研发投入与绩效呈正向关系。其中,在成长期,该正向关系最显著;进入衰退期,二者之间不存在统计意义上的相关性。