竞争战略演化技术创新的影响——以江苏民营制造企业为例

基于江苏民营制造企业的问卷调查数据,在控制了地区和产业类别影响前提下,探讨同一情境下处于生命周期不同阶段企业取得竞争优势的竞争战略所构成的演化路径,并从技术创新视角揭示竞争战略演化的动因。研究表明,处于初创期、成长期、成熟期的企业,竞争战略呈现＂没有明确选择-低成本战略-差异化战略＂的演化路径。工艺创新对低成本战略演化有显著影响,产品创新对差异化战略演化有显著影响。总体上看,工艺创新是企业竞争战略演化的主要推动力。推进制造企业转型升级,需要加大产品创新力度,提升产品创新对竞争战略的影响。     

财政支农的市场一体化效应及其政策

以增加农民收入从而支撑具有产业、区域特征的市场一体化为视角,对财政政策不同的支农方式和支农工具所产生的不同的农业市场一体化效应进行了分析,认为直接收入补贴明显好于价格支持;间接支农优于直接支农;而且不同的支农项目对市场一体化的促进作用差异显著。为此,提出了逐步减少价格支持,增加直接收入补贴,增加财政间接支农力度,引导农业生产要素多渠道利用,促进农业系统内外部合作,重视三农无形资产,建立适当监督机制等政策建议。     

中国-欧盟信息通信技术合作的契机与挑战

中国与欧盟在信息与通信领域的科技合作始于20世纪80年代。多年以来,信息通信一直是欧盟直接对华投入最大的科技合作领域。中国与欧盟信息通信技术合作机制不断完善,合作方式日益多样化。中国与欧盟互有需求,法律框架提供了制度保障,合作机制日臻完善,加之中国与欧盟成员国之间有友好合作的基础,种种有利条件使信息通信合作成为中国与欧盟科技合作的重点领域之一并具有很大发展空间。     

俄罗斯“硅谷”发展现状及前景

2010年俄罗斯宣布在斯科尔科沃地区建设类似美国“硅谷”的科技创新中心。这是俄罗斯在“后危机时代”转变经济发展模式的重要探索。该中心实质上是一个新技术研发和商业化的超级科技综合体,一个高新技术园区。它将吸引国内外的高校和企业设立实验室、分支机构,也将吸引世界各地优秀的科学家和工程师在此工作。本文研究了该项目的出台背景、相关规划、法律保障、优惠条件和发展现状,分析了其发展的优劣势和未来前景。     

苏里格气田定向井钻井技术探讨

苏里格气田地质结构较为复杂,钻采开发以定向井和水平井为主,本文主要是针对定向井施工的工艺技术进行分析探讨,探讨了制约技术提速的瓶颈所在,分析了在不同地层、井深选用不同的钻头及钻具结构及井眼轨迹对提高钻井速度的影响,形成了一套成熟的钻井思路及配套技术;同时也探索了定向井新的提速思路,为下一步持续提速明确了主攻方向。     

论现代制造观的培养

针对上世纪末以来制造业在人类科技快速发展带动之下所产生的深刻变化,本文以机械制造及其自动化专业方向学生综合素质的提高为目标,在深入分析现代制造属性、特征的基础上,从深化学生主观认知的角度探讨了关于现代制造观的培养问题。     

基于数据库的多媒体网络学习系统的建立与应用

随着当代信息技术和因特网的蓬勃发展,网络学习凭借其数字化、多媒体化、信息量大、交互性强、覆盖面广等特点,成为现代远程教育中具发展前途的教育模式。该文根据网络技术、数据库技术的特点分析并提出了基于数据库的多媒体网络学习系统设计思路和实现方法。该系统充分发挥了网络的通讯作用;同时吸取了传统学习的优势,克服了传统学习的不足,并通过计算机文化基础课实例进行了有效验证。     

Monitoring trends of technological changes based on the dynamic patent lattice: A modified formal concept analysis approach

The strategic importance of monitoring technological changes is highlighted given the ever faster pace and increasing complexity of technological innovation. In this respect, patent citation analysis has been the most frequently adopted tool among others. However, patent citation analysis is subject to certain drawbacks that stem from only consideration of citing-cited information and time lags between citing and cited patents. This study proposes a formal concept analysis (FCA)-based approach to developing a dynamic patent lattice that can analyze complex relations among patents and monitor trends of technological changes. The FCA is a mathematical tool for grouping objects with shared properties based on the lattice theory. The distinct strengths of FCA, vis-á-vis other methods, lie in structuring and displaying the relations among objects from a massive amount of data. For the purpose of technology monitoring, the FCA is modified to take into account time periods and changes of patent keywords. A patent context is first constructed with the aid of domain experts and text mining technique. Two types of dynamic patent lattices are then developed by executing the modified FCA algorithm. A case study of laser technology in lithography for semiconductor manufacturing shows that the suggested dynamic patent lattice has considerable advantages over conventional patent citation maps in terms of visualization and informative power.     

Technology level evaluation methodology based on the technology growth curve

Technology has been the driving force of development for knowledge-based economies. As competition in technology innovation among nations becomes more intense, there is a growing need for improved judgment, evaluation and prediction of scientific technology capacity in order to enhance national competitiveness. Until now, a country's technology level has been evaluated on a relative basis by comparing it with that of the country with the world's best technology. However, this kind of static methodology makes the interpretation of results unclear and makes time series analysis difficult. One of the most important limitations of this methodology is that it cannot be used to establish a strategy to improve the technology level. This paper examines the methodological problems of technology level evaluation and develops a dynamic methodology by applying the technology growth curve model. We also analyze the real technology level by using a new model application and review the relevance of this method. Finally, we discuss how to use the results in order to create a dynamic technology strategy.     

Technology evaluation in Taiwan's technology industries: Strategies, trajectories, and innovations

Technology evaluation, as an organizational process, is the essential ability to comprehend the values of technologies very soon after they emerge. Meanwhile, the technology evaluation process is inevitably influenced by the firm's industrial context, such as its technological trajectory. This study defines technology evaluation strategy in terms of the processes, methods, and participants involved, and uses this definition as a taxonomy to explore different types of technology evaluation strategies. A survey on the technological industries is conducted to explore types of technology evaluation strategies and their relationships with the advantages of different types of innovation under the effects of different technological trajectories. The survey identifies four types of technology evaluation strategies, namely, those of the flexible executive strategist, the emergent executive intuitionist, the deliberate quantitative strategist, and the deliberate consensual strategist, are identified. This study has found that certain types of technology evaluation strategies have better innovation performances than the others. The patterns of technological trajectories are also found to influence a firm's technology evaluation strategy and the advantages of certain types of innovations. The established explanations of the relationships among the technological trajectory, innovation type, and technology evaluation strategies may guide technology businesses to develop a better technology evaluation capability. The theoretical framework developed in this research enriches the strategic management literature with a new taxonomy for technology evaluation strategies.