基于软交换的下一代网络组网结构

下一代网络将是基于软交换系统的通信网络。在研究各种软交换系统互联机制的基础之上,结合软交换基于IP网络构建、信令与媒体分离等特点提出了基于软交换系统的下一代网络中可以采用的各种组网结构,比较了各种方式的优缺点,指明了其适用范围。最后给出了现有通信网向下一代通信网络演进过程中网络体系结构的演进方案。     

收入分布、厂商定价与耐用品的消费扩张

本文考察了收入差距对耐用消费品消费的影响。我们从厂商的定价理论出发。说明了收入差距对耐用消费品消费呈现出倒U型的影响：随着收入差距扩大，耐用消费品的消费量增加，但是，收入差距继续扩大则会减少耐用消费品的消费。这说明，适当的收入差距有利于社会消费水平提高和经济的发展，过大和过小的收入差距都无助于经济的起飞。我们最后运用城镇居民和农村居民彩电、洗衣机和冰箱的拥有量对该理论进行了实证检验，实证检验结果基本上支持了我们的理论分析。     

New small firm survival in England

This paper investigates the determinants of the survival, between 2001 and 2004, of 622 small firms in England. Seventy one percent of these firms were less than 5 years old in 2001. Prior work by industrial economists has primarily focussed upon factors such as profitability and exit barriers. In contrast, this paper adopts a more managerial approach by examining whether the human capital of the business owner and organisational variables explain survival and non-survival. Our results suggest the founder’s education and bank finance promote firm survival. Firms which compete on price, or report being financially constrained at start-up, are much less likely to survive.

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY: TRACING THE FLOW OF BASIC RESEARCH THROUGH MANUFACTURING AND TRADE

This paper describes flows of basic research through the US economy during the late 20th century. In addition, the paper studies the effect of the flows on scientific papers in industries and fields. This article differs from others in its use of measures of science rather than technology. Together, its results present a picture of the structure of basic research flows in a modern, science-intensive economy. Basic research flows are large within petrochemicals and drugs, and within software and communications. Flows of chemistry, physics, and engineering are common throughout all industries – biology and medicine are almost confined to petrochemicals and drugs; and computer science is nearly as restricted to software and communications. In general, basic research flows are more concentrated within scientific fields than within industries. Our findings concerning the production of scientific papers indicate that the effect of a 1% change in academic R&D spillovers significantly exceeds that of industrial spillovers. In addition, within-field effects exceed effects between-fields, while within- and between-industry effects are roughly equal. It follows that scientific fields limit basic research flows more than industries do, perhaps because large firms implicitly span a range of industries.     

中国企业的市场存活分析:中间品进口重要吗？

本文基于2000—2007年中国工业企业微观数据和海关贸易数据,采用倾向得分匹配与生存分析方法系统研究了中间品进口对企业生存的微观影响。研究发现中间品进口显著延长了企业的经营持续时间。进一步引入中间品质量差异性和贸易方向的研究表明,中间品进口对企业经营持续时间的正向作用与进口中间品的质量水平呈正比,并且中间产品进口对双向贸易企业生存持续期的影响大于单向贸易企业,对加工贸易企业生存持续期的影响大于一般贸易企业。基于中介效应模型的传导机制检验,认为“成本节约效应”和“技术溢出效应”是中间品进口促进企业市场存活的重要渠道。最后,引入行业差异化的检验结果显示,相比于异质性产品行业的企业,中间产品进口对同质性产品行业中企业生存的积极影响更大,而高质量的中间品进口和双向贸易模式可以进一步强化上述作用。     

Determinants of Sales Destinations of U.S. Multinational Firms' Affiliates in Developing Countries

This study examines the determinants of the sales of .U.S. multinational firms' affiliates to alternative destinations, including sales to other affiliate firms in a host country and a source country markets as well as sales to other non-affiliate persons in each market. Sample host countries are drawn from developing economies where U.S. multinational firms had affiliate firms during the period 1983–1998. The results of the study reveal that affiliates of multinational firms manipulate sales to minimize international taxation. This is supported by the finding that foreign corporate income taxes: affect sales between affiliate firms favorably, unlike its impacts on sales of affiliates to non-affiliate persons in both a host country and source country markets. Considering all markets together, economic volatility and political instability have minimal impacts on sales of affiliates to other affiliate firms compared to their impacts on sales to non-affiliate persons. The results also confirm that host countries' economic policy reforms and membership in multinational investment guarantee agencies facilitate sales of affiliates to other affiliate firms.     

风投机构行业专业化投资强度对企业创新能力的影响

风险投资既能缓解创业企业融资困难,又能为创业企业提供管理支持和资源整合等附加价值服务。以2009-2014年中国创业板上市企业为研究样本,构建行业专业化投资强度指标,实证检验我国风险投资机构行业专业化投资强度与目标企业研发创新能力的关系。研究发现,无论从研发创新资源（研发投入强度、研发人员占比）还是研发创新成果（授权专利数）角度,风投机构行业专业化投资强度对目标企业研发创新能力都具有显著正向影响。进一步研究发现,风投机构行业专业化投资强度与目标企业研发创新成果（授权专利数）呈倒“U”型关系。最后,从风险投资机构投资策略选择、目标企业融资决策以及创业板审核监管机制3个方面提出对策建议。     

Small firms and networks in capital intensive industries: The case of Spanish steel wire manufacturing

This article uses an interdisciplinary approach to gain a better understanding of the organization of the Spanish industry in a long-term perspective. Sociological concepts about networks, and studies about family firms from management and business history literatures, are combined to illuminate the dominance of family ownership in capital intensive industries. Popp, Toms and Wilson's work on the spatialization of resource distribution and resource dependence has been used to understand the dominance of small family firms co-ordinated by networks in the particular case study of the Spanish steel wire manufactures. The article also has important implications for questioning Casson's interpretation about the difficulties dynastic family firms may have in science-wire rod industries.     

Export behavior of Italian food firms: Does product quality matter?

Using firm-level data we investigate the export behavior of Italian food firms, focusing on the link between total factor productivity (TFP), product quality, and export across heterogeneous destinations. We test the main predictions of an international trade model based on firm heterogeneity in product quality and non-homothetic preferences in consumption. In this setting, the firm’s export intensity should be increasing in the per-capita income of foreign destinations, and the effect should be largely driven by firms’ heterogeneity in product quality. Using different measures of revenue-TFP, and different proxies for product quality, we find strong support for the main model predictions. Moreover, consistent with the Alchian–Allen effect, we find a positive relationship between the quality of exported products and the distance of destination countries.