宏观经济波动的微观基础:基于股权配给角度的分析

当宏观经济进入衰退阶段,由于上市公司的股权配给,上市公司投资的边际破产成本上升,导致上市公司的投资下降,在投资乘数原理和加速数原理的相互作用下,会使宏观经济衰退更加严重,宏观经济陷入经济衰退与股权配给相互作用的恶性循环中,宏观经济衰退的程度会进一步加大。当宏观经济进入繁荣阶段,呈现与上述相反的过程,会导致宏观经济持续过度繁荣。因此,股权配给是宏观经济波动的加速器。我国的现实是,从微观角度分析,上市公司具有强烈的股权融资偏好;从宏观上看,政府进行股权配给。两者的共同作用,使股权配给具有平抑宏观经济波动的功能。     

中国改革开放三十年的四点反思

纪念改革开放三十年,我们最需要做的是反思。值得反思的地方很多,本文试从改革的过程与成就、改革的形势与问题、改革的任务与重点及深化改革的动力与阻力来自何方等方面进行初步的反思。     

自由贸易区战略助推人民币区域化——基于CAFTA的实证研究

2008年全球金融危机的爆发使得以中国为代表的新兴经济体开始寻求本币国际化的进程。自由贸易区战略和人民币区域化之间有何关联?本文根据人民币的事实境外流通状况和发展趋势,选定CAFTA作为人民币区域化的辐射范围,分析人民币区域化的贸易总量和结构条件后认为:(一)人民币区域化的贸易总量条件已经具备,在贸易结构条件上则喜忧参半;(二)人民币区域化必须具备相应的贸易结算基础,否则人民币区域化将无法得到实体经济的有力支持;(三)自由贸易区内区域性贸易逆差在推动人民币区域化进程中有一定作用。最后提出运用自贸区战略的巧实力助推人民币区域化的政策建议。     

工程造价全过程控制的重点与对策

从三个方面论述了建设项目的全过程造价控制工作。     

SWOT分析法研究济南市商品出口中亚市场的潜力及物流成本最小的路径选择

通过分析济南市商品和中亚市场的互补性,找出济南市商品在中亚市场比较有发展潜力的商品,运用SWOT分析法对中亚市场进行潜在分析发现了中亚市场的潜在市场,通过调查发现中亚国家将对其电网改造的相关产品的需求会增加。运用比较的方法确定了济南市出口商品运输到中亚市场的物流成本最小的路经。在新疆办厂再出口到中亚国家也是一个较佳的选择。     

建设单位工程成本控制中存在的问题及对策

随着市场经济的发展,建设单位要想在激烈的市场竞争下生存或谋求发展,除了拥有先进技术水平、雄厚资本之外,还要高度重视对工程项目成本的控制。努力将各项费用控制在计划之内,有效控制成本,最终提高企业经济效益。本文主要介绍了建设单位从工程项目立项到竣工决算成本控制中存在的问题,并且针对存在的问题提出了相应的措施。     

Economic impacts of conservation farming in a marginal environment: the case of ‘Landcare’ in the Philippines

In the marginal, upland regions of the Philippines, soil erosion and poverty are significant problems. The Landcare Programme has sought to address these twin problems. We assess the economic impacts of the Landcare Programme in the Province of Bohol. We first explore whether the adoption of Landcare practices, particularly those of contour farming and tree planting, in a highly degraded landscape has resulted in improved livelihood outcomes for upland farming families. Second, we analyse the potential for the piecemeal adoption of these measures to deliver tangible benefits at the watershed scale. Finally, using a benefit–cost approach, these outcomes are compared with the costs of research and extension projects that have helped achieve them. We conclude that the net economic impact of the Landcare Programme in Bohol is positive, with the primary beneficiaries being the individual households that adopt the Landcare practices. These benefits are largely generated by productive opportunities that arise once the hillsides have been stabilized. Although the downstream impacts of land-use changes associated with the Landcare Programme are positive, they are of marginal economic importance. Hence, the focus and primary justification of the Landcare Programme should be on improving the productivity and livelihoods of upland farming households.     

社会保障资金的概念、过程与成本

社会保障资金的有效运行是社会保障制度发挥其功能的前提，因此控制社会保障资金的运行成本对社会保障制度的可持续发展有非常重要的意义。因此，有必要对国内外学者关于社会保障资金的概念，社会保障资盒筹集、投资运营、支付过程中的共识与争议，以及社会保障资金运行的成本等方面的研究文献进行梳理，并给予适当的评价。     

Optimal reinsurance arrangements in the presence of two reinsurers

In this paper, we investigate the optimal form of reinsurance from the perspective of an insurer when he decides to cede part of the loss to two reinsurers, where the first reinsurer calculates the premium by expected value principle while the premium principle adopted by the second reinsurer satisfies three axioms: distribution invariance, risk loading, and preserving stop-loss order. In order to exclude the moral hazard, a typical reinsurance treaty assumes that both the insurer and reinsurers are obligated to pay more for the larger loss. Under the criterion of minimizing value at risk (VaR) or conditional value at risk (CVaR) of the insurer's total risk exposure, we show that an optimal reinsurance policy is to cede two adjacent layers, where the upper layer is distributed to the first reinsurer. To further illustrate the applicability of our results, we derive explicitly the optimal layer reinsurance by assuming a generalized Wang's premium principle to the second reinsurer.     

用T型账户和图示结合法解决《成本会计》教学中的难点--辅助生产费用的分配

《成本会计》课程一直被学生认为是会计专业课中方法体系比较复杂，应用性突出的比较难学的专业核心课程，该文结合作者的教学实践及体会，阐述了如何用T型账户和图示结合法帮助《成本会计》中关于“辅助生产费用的分配”教学，并说明T型账户和图示法在提高《成本会计》教学中的重要作用。