东北地区耕地利用效率时空差异及其影响因素分析

[目的]对东北地区36个市(州)2005~2014年耕地利用效率进行测度,分析其时空差异,并找出耕地利用效率的影响因素。[方法]利用数据包络分析(DEA)方法计算得出各年各地区效率值,并利用Tobit回归模型其影响因素。[结果]2005~2014年东北地区耕地利用效率相对较高,规模效率值较为稳定,纯技术效率值波动上升,纯技术效率始终是影响综合效率的主要原因;黑龙江省的综合效率水平高于吉林省与辽宁省;在分解效率方面,黑龙江省的纯技术效率水平高于吉林省与辽宁省,吉林省的规模效率高于黑龙江省与辽宁省;受区域农业发展水平影响,不同地区农业投入的资源水平存在差异,综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均呈现出由黑龙江省向吉林省、辽宁省扩张的空间格局;从影响因素来看,受灾面积占农作物播种面积比重、单位耕地面积农用机械总动力、单位耕地面积施肥量、农村劳动力人均播种面积共同作用于东北地区耕地利用效率。[结论]东北地区耕地利用效率时空差异明显,多种因素共同影响地区耕地利用效率。     

新疆农业保险效率的实证研究——基于SE-SBM-DEA和Tobit模型的分析

[目的]文章以干旱地区新疆为例,通过选择新疆农业各类别中作物种植面积较大的种植品种及养殖业种类,综合测算2008~2013年新疆农业保险效率水平。[方法]运用SE-SBM-DEA模型,从技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率3方面对新疆农业保险效率进行实证研究,分析技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均与经济增长水平之间的关系,同时运用Tobit模型分析影响技术效率的宏观经济因素。[结果]新疆地区整体上保险效率较高,其中养殖业保险效率高于种植业;农业保险发展不均衡,种植面积和风险均较大的玉米、棉花、仁果类作物的保险效率较低,而种植比重相对不高、风险偏低的甜菜、蔬菜等作物的农业保险效率较高;另外养殖业保险效率水平较高,其中羊的养殖保险规模效率达到最优。[结论]基于此,进一步对影响保险效率的宏观经济因素进行分析并提出相应的政策及建议。     

少数民族连片特困地区农户贫困脆弱性及其影响因素研究以新疆南疆三地州为例

[目的]研究少数民族连片特困地区农户贫困脆弱性程度及影响因素,以期为现阶段巩固脱贫攻坚成果、防止返贫提供借鉴参考。[方法]文章基于新疆南疆三地州1 258户农户的问卷调查数据,运用VEP方法对少数民族连片特困地区农户贫困脆弱性进行测度,并使用Tobit回归模型实证分析其影响因素。[结果]南疆三地州农户贫困脆弱性均值为0.331,贫困脆弱发生率为16.93%,且贫困脆弱性呈现出地区差异,由高到低依次为和田地区、喀什地区、克州地区。家庭能熟练说普通话人口占比、劳动力职业技能培训、参加农业保险情况、社会资本、是否收入多样化、所在村庄地形、是否通公交车对农户贫困脆弱性具有显著的负向影响,而家庭规模、家庭负担比、健康冲击、自然灾害对农户贫困脆弱性具有显著的正向影响。[结论]据此提出加强国家通用语言和职业技能教育培训、促进农户积极投保农业保险、提高农村公共交通服务覆盖范围、重视农户健康贫困脆弱性等建议。     

农业技术培训、经营规模对农业生产效率的影响——以水稻栽培技术为例

目的 提高农业生产效率是推进农业现代化建设的重要指标。方法 文章基于江西省512份微观调研数据测算出农户的农业生产效率,运用Tobit模型、PSM模型以及分位数回归模型分析了农业技术培训、经营规模对农业生产效率的影响。结果 研究结果表明,农业技术培训对农业生产效率的提高具有显著促进作用,且参与农业技术培训可使农户的农业生产效率提高9.32%;不同经营规模农户参与农业技术培训对农业生产效率的提升效应存在差异,规模户提升效应为28.18%,显著高于小农户的6.97%;农地经营规模对农户农业生产效率具有显著影响,并呈现出“倒U型”关系;农业技术培训、经营规模对不同分位点的农户农业生产效率均具有显著正向作用,并有递增趋势,同时对高效率组的促进作用要明显高于低效率组的农户。结论 政府应积极拓宽农业技术推广渠道,加快转变技术推广方式,同时鼓励适度规模经营,进一步提高农户农业生产效率。     

Examining the impact of weather variability on non-commuters’ daily activity–travel patterns in different regions of Sweden

By jointly modelling the routine and leisure activity–travel engagements of non-commuters in different regions of Sweden, this paper explores the interactions between time allocation, travel demand and mode choice under different weather conditions. Combined weather and travel survey datasets that span a period of over 13 years were analysed. Simultaneous Tobit models were applied to explore the interactions among these activity–travel indicators, whilst municipalities’ unique conditions and heterogeneities between different time-points were taken into account. The model results reveal the trade-offs between routine and leisure activities in terms of activity duration, number of trips and travel time. Positive mutual endogeneity was found between slow-mode share in routine and leisure trips. The results also highlight the trade-offs between routine and leisure activities under abnormal weather conditions. Regional differences between weather effects are substantial due to differences in direct, indirect and total marginal effects. Between-municipality variability constitutes a considerable part of the variability in activity duration and travel time. Between-municipality variability in leisure activity duration and leisure travel time is larger in northern Sweden, while that of routine activity duration and routine travel time is larger in central Sweden, after weather and social demographics have been controlled.     

Airport performance in a tourism receiving country: Evidence from Greece

The aim of this study is to estimate the performance of 38 Greek airports. The analysis is performed in two stages. Firstly, efficiency scores for each airport are estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) original and bootstrap techniques. Secondly, statistical assessments (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests) and a censored Tobit regression model are employed to identify which factors significantly explain variations in the airport efficiency. The results indicated the scope for substantial efficiency improvements. In addition, island location, connectivity, and hotel infrastructure in the area were found to be significant factors affecting airport efficiency.     

中国农业效率测度及其影响因素分析——基于区域差异的视角

首先运用SEDEA模型和中国省际面板数据,计算2010—2014年中国七大区域31个省(自治区、直辖市)的农业效率,然后使用Tobit模型分析影响农业效率的因素。研究结果表明:2010—2014年间中国不同区域的农业效率在时间序列上表现得较为平稳,在横截面上表现出较大的差异;在总体上,效率由高到低的区域为东北、华东、西南、中南、华南、华北、西北;在影响因素中,经济条件、产业结构和教育水平都对区域农业效率呈现正面影响,面源污染对农业效率呈现负面影响。因此,为提升区域的农业效率,政府不仅需要增强区域经济实力,提高农村居民人均收入,而且要大力发展职业教育,增强农民的就业能力,还要重视面源污染对农业效率的负面影响,促进农业安全、高效、绿色发展。     

农户民间借贷需求影响因素的实证研究——以湘北234户农户的调查为例

通过对我国农业大省--湖南省华容县和安乡县农户的问卷调查,运用Tobit模型对农户借贷需求的影响因素进行实证研究.研究结果表明:农户的收入水平和农业生产支出对农户民间借贷需求具有显著的负向影响,而农户的非农业生产支出和文化教育支出对农户民间借贷需求则具有显著的正向影响.     

Deregulation, consolidation and banks efficiency in Singapore: Evidence from event study window approach and Tobit analysis

A three-year window analysis together with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach is employed to investigate the effects of mergers and acquisitions on the Singapore banking groups’ efficiency. The results suggest that the merger has resulted in a higher Singapore banking groups’ mean overall efficiency. We do not find evidence of more efficient acquirers compared to the targets and that the acquiring banks’ mean overall efficiency tends to improve from the merger with a more efficient bank. The Tobit regression results suggest that bank profitability has positive impact on bank efficiency, whereas poor loan quality has negative influence on bank performance. (JEL: G21, D24) All findings, interpretations, and conclusions are solely those of the authors’ and do not necessarily represent the views of the institutions to which they belong. We would like to thank the anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions. The remaining errors are of our own.     

基于DEA-Tobit二阶段法的城市商业银行效率评价——以中部六省9家城市商业银行为例

针对我国城市商业银行效率评价方法单一且区域化研究较少的问题,利用数据包络分析超效率模型对中部六省城市商业银行经营效率进行了评价,对其结果进行了进一步的投影分析,并在此基础上,运用Tobit模型分析了银行效率的影响因素。实证结果表明,人均营业费用和存贷比与银行经营效率成负相关,资本充足率与银行经营效率成正相关。