Determinants of public reactions to Concorde test flights at the John F. Kennedy International Airport

Detailed noise measurements from early Concorde test flights together with community characteristics data from the US Census Bureau were used to explain monthly complaint patterns arising from neighborhoods surrounding the John F. Kennedy International Airport. Consistent with an earlier study, the number of complaints per aircraft movement positively varied with average loudness of the flights. Complaints were more common during the summer months. Additional neighborhood characteristics also determined the frequency of Concorde-specific complaints; e.g. communities with longer median homeowner tenure were more likely to be prolific complainers, all else being equal.     

Drivers of operational efficiency and its impact on market performance in the Indian Airline industry

India is considered to be one of the toughest aviation markets in the world, due to high fuel prices, overcapacity and intense price competition. It is therefore important to identify critical drivers of performance, which enable the airlines to survive and succeed in this emerging market with huge growth potential. In the current empirical study, we investigate the linkages between various performance drivers, operational efficiencies and market performance. An extensive data collection using primary and secondary sources enabled us to gather data on all the airlines operating in India, both private and public, for the period 2005–2012, on a variety of important parameters. We carried out a two-stage empirical analysis, which involved estimation of operational efficiencies during the first stage using Data Envelopment Analysis, and determination of performance drivers during the second stage using a two-way random effects GLS regression and also a Tobit model. Our findings suggest that while some of the structural and regulatory factors have an undesirable impact on airline performance, the low cost carriers in India have managed to achieve significant operational efficiencies. In addition, we find that, while cost efficiency is driven by a variety of factors, it is the technical efficiency which brings in better market performance through pricing power in the Indian airline industry.     

农村劳动力老龄化对种植业生产技术效率的影响--基于江汉平原粮食主产区400农户的调查

文章基于江汉平原粮食主产区400农户的调查数据,运用DEA-Tobit模型研究了农村劳动力老龄化对种植业生产技术效率及其拐点的影响。结果表明：总体而言,农村劳动力老龄化对农户的综合技术效率与纯技术效率产生了显著的负向影响,对规模效率没有产生显著的影响。而“年轻户”对农户的综合技术效率与纯技术效率产生了显著的正向影响,且对规模效率产生了显著的负向影响;在其他环境变量中,是否接受过农业技术培训对农户种植业生产技术效率产生了不同程度的正向影响;而家庭非农收入的比重、家庭劳动力中60岁及以上劳动力劳动时间的比重、复种指数、是否2012年受过灾害、灌溉水质评价均对农户种植业生产技术效率产生了不同程度的负向影响;随着家庭务农劳动力平均年龄的不断增大,种植业农户层面的生产技术效率水平不断提升,直至平均年龄达到55岁时达到综合技术效率与纯技术效率的最高值,而直至60岁时达到规模效率的最高值,其后都呈现出逐步下降的趋势。     

我国电信行业市场竞争、区域差异与生产效率

本文使用数据包络分析方法对2005～2007年国内31个省份的电信行业生产效率进行评价,并建立Tobit回归模型分析市场竞争和区域差异因素对生产效率的影响。研究结果表明:国内电信行业仍处于通过价格战等粗放式经营方式获取规模效率的发展阶段,市场竞争因素仅主要通过规模效率影响总体效率;移动市场方面加强移动市场竞争和移动对固定替代均对生产效率有利,固网市场方面中国网通主导市场的用户生产效率低于中国电信;区域差异因素同时通过技术效率和规模效率影响总体效率,其中东部地区生产效率明显高于西部地区。     

Measuring operational efficiency of mobile operators in Japan and Korea

The paper analyzes operational efficiency of six major mobile operators in Japan and Korea over the time period 2002-2006 and the impact of possible influential factors on the efficiency. The empirical results reveal that overall Japanese mobile operators are more efficient than Korean mobile operators and that the operators with significant revenues do not necessarily achieve operational efficiency. Korean operators are almost situated in increasing returns to scale, whereas Japanese operators are in decreasing returns to scale except Softbank Mobile. Finally, geographical area, service quality, degree of competition, 3G network type, ratio of data service revenues, and ratio of 3G subscribers all have significant effects on the efficiency of operators.     

中国农村金融生态环境优化的区域效率比较

本文采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法对全国各地区的农村金融生态环境的优化效率作整体的评价和比较,在此基础上采用Tobit模型作回归分析剖析了各地区农村金融生态环境优化效率的影响因素。分析表明：各地区加大金融资源投入的同时,提高农村金融生态环境优化效率才是改善农村金融环境的重点,农民的教育与培训是提高金融生态优化效率的关键。     

中国上市银行经营效率的影响因素——基于Tobit回归模型的二阶段分析

本文利用数据包络分析(DEA)模型对截至2007年4月底上市的11家全国性商业银行2004～2006年的效率水平进行总体分析与评价,在此基础上对银行经营效率的可能影响因素进行理论假设,并利用二阶段Tobit回归模型对理论假设进行检验.研究结果显示,样本期间内我国上市银行经营效率普遍呈上升趋势,在影响银行经营效率的四个主要因素中,银行资产质量越高,即银行不良贷款比率越低,银行经营效率就越高;银行人均营业费用越高,即银行投入"拥挤程度"越低,银行经营效率就越高;此外,银行清偿能力和"上市"都对银行效率产生显著影响.     

房价对城市全要素生产率的影响机制研究——基于Tobit模型实证分析

基于2008—2016年全国35个大中型城市的面板数据,利用Tobit模型和投入导向型的数据包络分析(DEA)方法探究城市房屋销售价格对城市全要素生产率的影响。研究发现：在整体维度城市房价与城市生产率呈现先增加后减少的倒U型曲线,且城市的房价水平超过了“房住不炒”的最高临界值,房价上升的抑制效应显著。房价对于不同人口规模城市的生产率影响具有异质性,在人口规模达到特大城市时,房价与城市生产率呈现倒U型特征,人口规模达到超大城市后,房价与城市生产率倒U型特征消失。不同类型城市房价与城市生产率之间的倒U型关系和城市的异质性特征表明,我国大中型城市应进行房价的“一城一策”精细化调节,“房住不炒”的政策定位具有坚实理论依据和现实必然。     

东北地区装备制造业全要素生产率及其影响因素——基于DEA-Tobit两阶段法

采用DEA-malmquist指数方法测算了东北地区装备制造业2005—2020年全要素生产率及其分解效率,并利用混合面板Tobit模型对其影响因素进行了实证检验。研究发现：东北地区装备制造业全要素生产率依靠技术进步的“单轨驱动”,总体达到DEA有效,技术效率抑制了其增长速度;东北地区装备制造业发展存在行业异质性和区域异质性;增加研发投入、提高市场化水平和地区经济发展水平能够提升全要素生产率;随着产业集聚程度的提高、政府财政支出的增多,全要素生产率反而下降;产业规模、城镇化水平与全要素生产率并无直接关联。