城市轨道交通项目设计管理模式分析

本主要从城市轨道交通项目设计工作的特点出发，介绍了目前常见的两种设计管理模式，并对这两种模式进行对比分析。在此基础上，进一步探讨设计总体管理模式在工程实例中的运用。     

基于AHP-TOPSIS的城市轨道交通应急演练评估研究

为提升演练质量与效果,阐述城市轨道交通应急演练现状,在构建大客流综合处置演练评估指标体系的基础上,将层次分析法AHP与TOPSIS法两者有机结合,建立城市轨道交通应急演练评估模型,以城市轨道交通大客流综合处置演练为例,从协调指挥、信息传递、关键流程控制、运营恢复4个方面综合考虑影响演练效果的评估因素。通过层次分析法得出各指标权重值,采用TOPSIS法进行计算排序,针对参演各班组的演练情况进行排序,实现对城市轨道交通大客流演练的评估。经过实例验证表明,AHP-TOPSIS模型具有良好的适应性与合理性,对各种类型的应急演练评估有很好的应用价值。     

毫米波交通管制系统研究动向

<正> 推行外贸代理制是外贸体制改革的一项重大举措。外贸代理制所涉及的代理行为与我国《民法通则》所规定的民事代理既有相同点也有不同之处。《民法通则》第四章第二节对代理制度作了规定,按照《民法通则》第63条之规定,公民、法人都可以通过代理人实施     

Multivariate time series analysis of traffic congestion measures in urban areas as they relate to socioeconomic indicators

Traffic congestion has significant adverse implications for the environment and economy. Many state and local transportation agencies have implemented traffic congestion management practices to alleviate the negative implications of urban traffic. One of the major drawbacks of traffic congestion management practices is that they do not account for socio-demographic and economic factors, which have a significant impact on traffic congestion. Understanding the influence of these factors is very crucial because they can help to communicate the system's performance management and target setting. Only a few studies analyzed the relationship between traffic conditions (e.g., traffic demand and vehicular traveling speed) with a limited number of socio-economic factors. Moreover, most of the existing models ignore the temporal and spatial autocorrelations of traffic congestion, which may significantly limit their reliability and effectiveness. This study is developed with the purpose of identifying the most relevant external factors that affect traffic congestion performance measures. To conduct the research, we have used three urban congestion performance measures collected from 51 metropolitan areas across the U.S. over a four-year period, 2013–2016: travel time index, planning time index, and congested hours. We have used multivariate time series models to account for the complex inter-relationships among the performance measures and socioeconomic factors to identify the most influential factors affecting system performance. We have finally developed predictive models to estimate the traffic congestion measures using these factors. The results of rigorous modeling show that the factors influencing the traffic congestion measures are monthly average daily traffic (MADT), the number of employed, rental vacancy rate, building permits, fuel price index, and Economic Conditions Index (ECI). The prediction models indicated that the effects of these factors are statistically significant and could be used to forecast future trends in three performance measures accurately.     

Reliable emergency service facility location under facility disruption,en-route congestion and in-facility queuing

The planning of emergency service facility location, especially for those expecting high demand and severe conditions, requires consideration of victims’ en-route travel, in-facility service quality, and reliability of these service facilities themselves. This paper first presents a scenario-based stochastic mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP) model that integrates facility disruption risks, en-route traffic congestion and in-facility queuing delay into an integrated facility location problem. We derive lower and upper bounds to this highly complex problem by approximating the expected total system costs across the normal and all probabilistic facility disruption scenarios. This allows us to develop a more tractable approximate MINLP formulation and a Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) based solution approach. The relaxed sub-problem for location and service allocation decisions is further reformulated into a second-order conic program. Numerical experiments show that the approximate model and LR solution approach are capable of overcoming the computational difficulties associated with the problem. Interesting findings and managerial insights are obtained from a series of sensitivity analyses, e.g., regarding the importance of considering in-facility queuing in location design, and the significance of resource pooling on the optimal facility deployment.     

Driver behaviour,truck motion and dangerous road locations – Unfolding from emergency braking data

Road vehicles equipped with measurement, computing, data storage and data communication capabilities can be utilised as probe-vehicles. Data received from such vehicles can provide valuable traffic and traffic safety information in respect of the covered routes and the connecting road network. In this study, trucks negotiating their normal daily haulage trips were used as probe-vehicles and the data recording their vehicular emergency events, such as abrupt braking events, detected by their on-board vehicular safety systems were analysed. The motivation for such an analysis is manifold. The aspect emphasized here is that the recorded vehicular emergency actions and events can be seen as surrogate safety events. Some of these surrogate safety events mark traffic incidents and therefore can be used as input by the surrogate safety assessment methodology. Though the vehicular emergency data used herein provides only sparse spatial and temporal coverage of the road network investigated, its analysis led to some interesting findings about interactions between drivers, trucks and roads.     

Air traffic predictability framework – Development,performance evaluation and application

The performance of the Air Traffic Flow & Capacity Management (ATFCM) function relies fundamentally on the accuracy of air traffic predictability. Characterising this accuracy and assessing the potential benefits of increased accuracy is fundamental to enhance the performance of the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system and identifying areas that require improvement. This paper develops a framework to assess air traffic predictability. It validates the proposed framework with real operational data and applies it to the Maastricht Upper Area Control centre. The paper develops a methodology to assess the benefits of the deployment of enhanced predictability including capacity, resulting from improved operational concepts such as Airport-Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM).     

Airport traffic complexity and environment efficiency metrics for evaluation of ATM measures

For a given (current or planned) traffic demand, different air traffic management measures could result in different airport traffic complexity and efficiency. This paper presents the research on the relationship between airport traffic complexity and time and environmental efficiency for different air traffic control (ATC) tactics applied to the given or planned airport layout. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of airport traffic complexity, aircraft fuel consumption, gas emissions and time efficiency for different ATC tactics and/or airport airfield layouts. For busy airports during peak hours, arrival queuing delays, taxi-in, taxi-out times and departure queuing delays increase, which induces additional unnecessary fuel consumption, gas emission and time inefficiency. In order to find a tool which could indicate potential delay generators, a measure of airport traffic complexity – called Dynamic Complexity is proposed. Experiments were performed for airports with different airfield layouts, for different traffic demands and ATC applied tactics using SIMMOD simulation model. Traffic situations were analyzed and delays were measured. The values of airport traffic complexity, fuel consumption and gas emissions were also determined. A comparative analysis of the results show: first, the proposed airport traffic complexity metric quite satisfactorily reflects the influence of traffic characteristics upon the environmental state of the system, and second, different ATM strategic and tactical measures (airport airfield infrastructure development and applied ATC tactics) could significantly reduce traffic complexity and increase time and environmental efficiency at the airport.     

从经济学角度缓解北京交通拥挤问题的研究

为改善北京城市交通拥挤现状,研究分析了北京机动车尾号限行、小轿车限购等政策,并采用了问卷调查、异地调研等方法。在异地调查和异地政策分析上,得以启发。使用SPSS软件对数据进行了专业、科学的统计分析。经编写组会商后,结果显示:经济学手段对缓解北京交通拥堵有较好的应用前景,编写组结合经济学对北京缓堵提出了建议。研究得到北京第二外国语学院韩景华教授的鼎力支持和辅导。     

城际列车对新疆旅游经济影响研究

新疆日趋完善的城际列车网络是提升旅游经济发展的重要保障。选取2010—2019年新疆14个地州市统计数据,结合引力模型和DID模型探究城际列车对新疆旅游经济发展的影响效应。研究表明,城际列车开通极大压缩地州市间的时间距离,新疆旅游经济联系网络逐渐紧密,旅游经济综合质量快速增长,空间极化特征缓慢减弱。受天山山脉阻隔效应影响,新疆旅游经济格局存在非均衡性,各地州市间旅游经济互动趋于频繁,但仍呈现出北强南弱的空间格局,南疆是新疆旅游经济的短板。基于DID模型分析,城际列车开通有效助推新疆旅游经济增长,显著提高人均旅游收入水平,经济发展水平、服务发展水平和旅游资源丰度,是促进新疆旅游经济发展的重要因素。