文化人类学视野下的旅游线路设计——以广东五大旅行社为切入点

目前多数旅行社的产品线路雷同,大打价格战,往往演变成恶性削价竞争,市场秩序趋向混乱、无序。低价随之而来的是服务质量的下降、不合理收费、降低接待标准等现象。如何避免“同质化”现象,创新旅游线路,提高文化附加值,理顺市场秩序,是我国也是广东旅游业亟待解决的问题。对广东5家大旅行社进行了调查分析,从文化人类学角度探讨旅行社产品的设计,提出了较为具体、切实可行的策略。     

Factors That Account for the Large Variations in U.S. Export Prices

Using product level U.S. export data from 1989 to 2001, there is evidence that U.S. exporters price discriminate across markets. Variation in the quality of the products is one reason for the observed price differentiation. U.S. exporters also price discriminate based on transaction costs. Finally, U.S. exporters practice pricing-to-market and this pricing strategy is another source of the variations in U.S. export prices. Some of these conclusions though are weakened when export prices toward the center of the price distribution are considered. JEL no. F14     

对东北铁路第二条纵向干线提速的探讨

在分析东北地区快速客运网现状及其发展的基础上,根据该地区既有铁路条件及客货运市场竞争趋势,提出了对东北铁路第二条南北干线进行提速改造,并对其提速改造的必要性和方案的可行性进行了分析和探讨。     

高效液相色谱法测定果汁饮料中苯甲酸含量的不确定度评定

采用高效液相色谱法测定果汁饮料中苯甲酸的含量,对测定结果的不确定进行了分析。建立了高效液相色谱外标单点定量法测定样品中苯甲酸含量的数学模型,分析了不确定度的来源并给出了量化结果,计算出合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定。分析结果表明,当果汁饮料中苯甲酸的含量为104 m g/kg时,其扩展不确定度为3 m g/kg,k=2。     

5G系统中基于小区分群的干扰管理

为了降低5G系统中超密度小区网络的小区间干扰（ICI）,提出了一种基于小区分群的干扰管理方案,其核心思想是将宏小区覆盖下的小小区分群,对群内干扰和群间干扰分别采用基于多小区协作和频域或时域的干扰避免。针对小区分群的关键即干扰权值的计算,提出了一种基于用户的信干噪比（SINR）和干扰泄露（SOIR）计算连续干扰权值的方案,该权值不仅反映用户间的干扰关系,而且自适应地调整干扰用户之间对资源的争夺策略;同时,把距离调和平均数作为小区分群的附加准则。仿真结果表明,与传统的小区分群方案相比,新方案的吞吐量增加20%~30%,小区性能和系统整体性能都有提升。     

资本资产定价模型有关假设的逻辑分析

资本资产定价模型 (CAPM)假设投资者具有一致预期 ,关于资本资产各项特征的判断完全相同 ,投资者会选择同一个更优的组合。这样 ,所有投资者最终会同时买入 (或卖出 )某一项资产 ,而不存在相应的卖出 (或买入 )者 ,这说明模型假设存在逻辑上的悖论。市场有效性决定了投资者不可能运用历史数据对当前和将来趋势作出准确判断 ,CAPM模型所提供的最优组合只是对过去不同时期优化值的平均 ,有关假设忽视了投资者对资本资产预期价值判断的多样性。投资者不会统一按照CAPM给出的唯一组合来选择风险资产 ,CAPM的最优投资组合可行集实际上是投资组合可能集合的前沿曲线的渐近线 ,而不是前沿曲线的切线。     

美元汇率长期波动动因探析

基于国际金融危机背景来研究美元价值与美国国债、美国股指、经常项目逆差以及大宗商品价格之间的相关性具有现实意义。通过选取美国国债、联邦基金利率、标准普尔指数、经常项目逆差以及国际大宗商品价格指数,运用Johansen协整检验、VEC模型、脉冲响应模型及Granger因果检验等计量方法进行考察后发现,美国国债的泛滥与美元贬值没有直接的因果关系;美元价值的波动与美国经济基本面(包括金融环境)的状况存在显著的长期相关性;美元指数的走势与国际金融市场中石油、黄金等大宗商品价格指数的走势相关,且后者对美元变动具有一定程度的短期预测效应。     

关于日语专业学生日语学习动机的类型化研究

过对湖南省某高校日语专业学生（有效问卷153份）的日语学习动机的问卷调查和分析,结果显示8种动机类型,即：现实型、文化型、语言兴趣型、融入型、成就型、经济与技术憧憬型、娱乐型、强迫型。其中经济憧憬型动机是本次调查新显示出来的。另外通过对各年级各类动机的比较分析,发现1-4年级的动机水平呈现一种1、4年级高,2、3年级偏低的＂U＂字形的趋势。     

Enhancing marketing with engineering: Optimal product line design for heterogeneous markets

Successful product line design and development often require a balance of technical and market tradeoffs. Quantitative methods for optimizing product attribute levels using preference elicitation (e.g., conjoint) data are useful for many product types. However, products with substantial engineering content involve critical tradeoffs in the ability to achieve those desired attribute levels. Technical tradeoffs in product design must be made with an eye toward market consequences, particularly when heterogeneous market preferences make differentiation and strategic positioning critical to capturing a range of market segments and avoiding cannibalization.We present a unified methodology for product line optimization that coordinates positioning and design models to achieve realizable firm-level optima. The approach overcomes several shortcomings of prior product line optimization models by incorporating a general Bayesian account of consumer preference heterogeneity, managing attributes over a continuous domain to alleviate issues of combinatorial complexity, and avoiding solutions that are impossible to realize. The method is demonstrated for a line of dial-readout scales, using physical models and conjoint-based consumer choice data. The results show that the optimal number of products in the line is not necessarily equal to the number of market segments, that an optimal single product for a heterogeneous market differs from that for a homogeneous one, and that the representational form for consumer heterogeneity has a substantial impact on the design and profitability of the resulting optimal product line — even for the design of a single product. The method is managerially valuable because it yields product line solutions efficiently, accounting for marketing-based preference heterogeneity as well as engineering-based constraints with which product attributes can be realized.