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The cross‐cultural study of LMX and individual employee voice: The moderating role of conflict avoidance
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This article examines the role of national culture, measured by conflict avoidance, on the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) and individual employee voice. Using data collected from automotive industry employees in the United States and Korea, the findings show that conflict avoidance is negatively related to employee voice and also moderates the relationship between LMX and employee voice in the Korean sample. In particular, the relationship between LMX and voice becomes less positive when conflict avoidance is high. On the other hand, conflict avoidance does not have a direct effect on employee voice as well as an interactive effect with LMX on employee voice in the U.S. sample. This study, therefore, highlights the importance of the national culture in the comparative study of employee voice. 相似文献
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Objective: This study was to determine if calcium fortification yields a higher price per serving in grocery store products. Researchers compared store brand to national brand grocery products in relation to cost in order to examine if calcium values were similar between store brand and national brand products. Methods: A total of 112 store brand and 211 national brand grocery products were collected from three low (national chain store), middle and high priced (Virginia and North Carolina regional store) grocery venues. Products were compared using price and calcium percentage per serving. ANOVA was used to determine between store brand and national brand for price per serving and calcium content, and between grocery venues. Results: National brand fortified products had a significantly lower mean price per serving when compared to national brand non-fortified products (p = 0.0002). There was no statistical difference between store brand fortified and non-fortified products (p = 0.9256). Low priced store brand products had the lowest mean price per serving ($0.34 ±0.24). Conclusions: This study found store brand products have similar calcium content as national brand products. Product cost was lower at low priced store compared to middle and high priced stores. 相似文献
4.
We assess the conditional relationship in the time-frequency domain between the return on S&P 500 and confirmed cases and deaths by COVID-19 in Hubei, China, countries with record deaths and the world, for the period from January 29 to June 30, 2020. Methodologically, we follow Aguiar-Conraria et al. (2018), by using partial coherencies, phase-difference diagrams, and gains. We also perform a parametric test for Granger-causality in quantiles developed by Troster (2018). We find that short-term cycles of deaths in Italy in the first days of March, and soon afterwards, cycles of deaths in the world are able to lead out-of-phase US stock market. We find that low frequency cycles of the US market index in the first half of April are useful to anticipate in an anti-phasic way the cycles of deaths in the US. We also explore sectoral contagion, based on dissimilarities, Granger causality and partial coherencies between S&P sector indices. Our findings, such as the strategic role of the energy sector, which first reacted to the pandemic, or the evidence about predictability of the Telecom cycles, are useful to tell the history of the pass-through of this recent health crises across the sectors of the US economy. 相似文献
5.
James L. Chan 《公共资金与管理》2019,39(1):64-69
China’s reform on central–local fiscal reform has slowed down in recent years. The appointment of a new finance minister experienced in local government affairs is expected to renew the reform affirmed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) congress in late 2017. China has unprecedentedly identified a comprehensive list of 81 national basic public services as entitlements. Eighteen of them are subject to national and local standards, and co-financed by central and local governments. A new cost-sharing method for 10 of these services classifies sub-national jurisdictions into five tiers, in which the central government’s share declines from 80% to 10%. These measures, effective in 2019, aim at creating a ‘harmonious and moderately prosperous society’. 相似文献
6.
涂立桥 《黄石理工学院学报》2005,21(5):1-5
从国债的可持续性、国债的货币扩张效应、国债对经济增长的影响三个层面评估了我国当前的国债风险,并针对我国的国债特点,提出了防范国债风险的措施。 相似文献
7.
国家行为与产权:一个新制度经济学的分析框架 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
早期的产权理论侧重于微观层次的分析,较少考虑中观(利益集团)及宏观层次(国家)对产权结构形成的影响及不同层次产权的交互作用的机制。文章从新制度经济学关于国家的定义入手,通过对个体权力与国家、集体行动与国家以及法治化社会与国家的三个层次的分析,提出建立产权制度分析的国家模型,从而论证国家与产权制度变迁的关系。 相似文献
8.
投资超常增长是促使经济快速发展的重要因素,河南投资环境基础比较好,应该扬长避短进一步优化,其具体途径可以从投资的国际经济环境、投资的国内经济环境、投资的区域经济环境入手。 相似文献
9.
大学科技园运作模式探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文总结了国内外大学科技园的发展经验,认为在大学科技园发展到一定阶段以后必须及时建立企业化的运作模式。针对我国大学科技园存在的问题,讨论了如何将国外先进经验与我国实际情况结合,构建适应我国国情的大学科技园运作模式。 相似文献
10.
国家助学贷款的风险与防范 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
霍爱玲 《西安财经学院学报》2004,17(1):91-93
国家助学贷款是一个政治、福利、教育、金融概念的混合体。本文主要从国家助学贷款发放的现状、存在的问题人手,提出了应加强维护信用制度的法律建设;创建良好的社会信用环境;改进管理制度与操作模式;加强各部门的协调与沟通等防范措施。 相似文献