我国生态环境退化的问题分析及对策

生态环境退化已经严重阻碍了社会经济的可持续发展,成为各国关注的焦点;分析了我国森林生态系统退化、水土流失、土地荒漠化、湿地萎缩等主要生态退化类型的现状、分布和成因并对我国退化生态系统的恢复与重建提出了基本对策。     

Identifying the internal structure evolution of urban built-up land sprawl (UBLS) from a composite structure perspective: A case study of the Beijing metropolitan area,China

Differences in the internal composite structure during urban built-up land sprawl (UBLS) will generate different effects, and thus, a city’s spatial structure has important bearings on urban sustainability. This study investigates the spatial and temporal characteristics of the internal structure and allocation relationship of UBLS using multivariate spatial correlation and the Weaver-Tomas composite coefficient based on site data of granted built-up land parcels. Moreover, the composite structure evolution process of UBLS and its driving mechanism are examined in this study. The results reveal that the amount structure of the three types of UBLS (i.e. industrial land sprawl, residential land sprawl and commercial land sprawl) tended to be balanced during the study period. Following the transformation and upgrade of the urban industry structure, the overall composite structure of UBLS ranged from single residential land-use structure (Res.) to industrial-residential land-use structure (Ind.-Res.) In the early period of land marketization, the marketization land granting mechanism caused low spatial correlation between the various types of UBLS and a single composite structure, i.e. Res., single commercial land-use structure (Com.), and residential-commercial land-use structure (Res.-Com.). Subsequently, a dual-driving force including the market economy and government interventions caused a relatively high degree of spatial correlation and a multiple composite structure, i.e. Ind.-Res. and industrial-residential-commercial land-use structure (Ind.-Res.-Com.). However, the evolution characteristics of the composite structure in various regions illustrate some problems, such as the spatial isomorphism phenomenon of the composite structure and the dislocation of urban built-up land allocation. The urban internal built-up land spatial layout pattern is the embodiment of two dominant driving forces, the market and the government, interacting with each other according to natural and socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to reform the future urban built-up land granting mechanism based on market guidance, and the composite structure of UBLS should be adjusted according to the regional function. The government should reinforce the macro-control of land-use planning for the dispersed granted land parcels so as to optimize the urban land-use structure.     

城市土地集约利用时空特征研究——以广东省为例

采用层次分析法构造广东省城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,对1998～2005年以来21个地级市城市土地集约利用进行综合评价：运用Spearman秩相关系数和聚类分析法对评价结果进行时空分析,从区位、经济等方面探讨城市土地集约利用空间差异的原因,并提出相关建议。     

湘江流域城市生态经济系统优化发展研究

湘江流域覆盖湖南省8个地市,湘江生态经济建设不只是湘江长株潭段的生态经济建设,而应该是整个湘江流域的生态经济建设,本文通过建立评价指标体系,对湘江流域8个地市城市生态经济系统发展水平进行对比分析,并提出优化发展的建议.     

Will urban farming survive the growth of African cities: A case-study in Kampala (Uganda)?

Despite the fact that urban farming is widespread in many African cities there is not yet a clearly defined view on how to deal with these activities in urban planning and management. On the basis of field interviews in the rapidly expanding metropolitan area of Kampala (Uganda) three different urban farming types were identified: subsistence farming, garden farming and commercial farming. These three urban farming types have their own spatial organisation logic and each interact in a specific way with urban expansion. In this paper the possible outcome of three alternative urban management strategies for Kampala (urban sprawl, urban infilling and a combination of both) were translated into spatially explicit land use scenarios for the years 2020 and 2030. This allowed to evaluate the spatial impact of each scenario on the future viability of the different urban farming practices. Urban sprawl fragments large open spaces thereby reducing the space for subsistence farming with 80% by 2030. Urban infilling, on the other hand, decreases the opportunities for small to medium scale garden and commercial farming by a possible reduction of 62% of the available farming land by 2030. The results of the analysis are useful for urban planners as they give insight in the potential future effects of proposed planning strategies on urban farming.     

浅谈金融生态环境的构成及建设

近年来,为提升金融业的实力、满足经济发展的需要和应对未来外资金融机构的挑战,中国政府加大了银行、保险、证券等金融机构的改革力度。但是,单纯地对金融企业进行改革,不涉及到其生存环境的改善,效果难以显现。文章借用生物学的生态环境概念,分析了中国金融生态环境的构成要素,强调在加强金融企业自身建设的同时,不应忽视外部生态环境的建设,并给出了改善金融生态环境的几点对策。     

A comprehensive view of intelligent transport systems for urban smart mobility

ABSTRACT

Information accuracy and decision-making speed are of paramount importance in managing today’s mobility of goods and people inside the city. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) can provide road users with updated information and forecasts on both traffic and weather conditions. The result is a higher efficiency in the use of resources and a better management of physical flows. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth review on the role of ITS supporting urban Smart Mobility, in order to identify the main gaps in the literature and propose future research streams. In total, 71 papers have been thoroughly analysed: they are mainly focused on technology, with limited attention to value creation. Even though some benefits have been examined, a general lack of quantitative models emerged. Eventually, there is a lack of contributions considering both people and freight transport, even if they are strongly related, especially in an urban environment.     

基于DPSIR模型的关中平原城市群城市人居环境韧性评价

为了研究关中平原城市群人居环境的韧性能力,通过综合权重法确定DPSIR（驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应）模型权重,运用地理探测器和反距离空间插值法确定关中平原城市群2010—2021年城市人居环境韧性时空的分异和演变特征以及主要影响因素。结果显示：驱动力是韧性水平的主要影响指数;各城市的人居环境韧性在时间序列上呈现逐渐增强的趋势,韧性指数的变化趋势显著;韧性水平在空间演化上表现以西安和咸阳为中心沿着陇海铁路为发展轴的空间发展形式;在影响因素上,教育水平、经济动力为主要因素影响人居环境韧性水平,各因素之间相互作用的影响显著。     

数字创意产业创新生态系统构建研究

数字创意产业是加快产业转型、促进文化消费与提升国家文化软实力的重要力量。以数字创意产业创新生态系统构建为出发点,基于胜任力和动态能力视角,分析创新生态情境下,数字创意人才、数字创意企业与创意氛围等生态因子间的互动与耦合过程。结果表明:数字创意人才胜任力对数字创意企业动态能力具有显著正向影响,并通过动态能力的中介作用来显著提升数字创意企业竞争优势;数字创意人才胜任力对数字创意企业竞争优势的直接影响不显著;创意氛围在数字创意人才胜任力与数字创意企业动态能力之间有显著调节效应,但在数字创意人才胜任力与数字创意企业竞争优势之间的调节效应不显著。该研究有助于拓展创意人才、动态能力等理论内涵与应用场景,丰富创新生态情境下数字创意企业的生态构建,对提升竞争优势具有一定启示。     

1990—2020年广西海岸带生态系统服务价值时空变化分析

广西滨海是西部陆海主通道的出海口,研究其海岸带土地利用变化与生态系统之间的关系具有重要意义。以广西海岸带1990—2020年共6期的土地利用数据为基础,采用当量价值评价法、市场价格法等方法,分析研究区近30年生态系统服务价值(ESV)的时空变化特征。研究表明：研究区土地变化以耕地、基塘和建设用地面积增减为主;其生态系统服务以调节服务功能为主,占比约70%;基塘是当地生态系统的重要组成部分;研究区ESV变化受主要变化地类的影响显著。