企业集群的发展与城市竞争力的提升:基于竞争资本的视角

本文首先简述企业集群的内涵与特征、城市竞争力的概念及研究的起源,提出竞争资本是城市竞争力的源泉,而企业集群及由此形成的企业文化是城市竞争力的物质实体的观点;然后在英国IainDeas的城市竞争力模型的基础上,引入企业集群和城市竞争力两个关键因素,构建了企业集群、竞争资本与城市竞争力的互动模型,并就深化城市竞争资本的角度设想大力发展企业集群提升我国中小城市竞争力的思路。     

Benefit and cost analysis of mariculture based on ecosystem services

As a life-supporting system, marine ecosystem provides various services for human being. Based on ecosystem services, we developed a Benifit and Cost Analysis model to balance the conflicts between economic income and environmental loss caused by mariculture activities. This model not only calculates market income of mariculture but also monetizes the positive and negative effects of mariculture activities on ecosystem services. In this model, three indices, the NPV (Net Present Value), BCR (Benefit to Cost Ratio) and RC (Relative Coefficent) with consideration of discount rate, are developed to assess and prioritize the candidate mariculture modes. This Benefit and Cost Analysis model was applied to Sanggou Bay, one typical mariculture bay in China, to identify sustainable mariculture mode. In this paper, we find that benefit and cost analysis based on ecosystem services value provides a convenient and effective tool to compare different exploitation modes of marine ecosystem.     

Institutional causes of urban and rural sprawl in Switzerland

Open space is a very scarce resource in Switzerland. The Federal Government aims to stabilize the use of settlement area per resident at 400 m². This paper starts by outlining the institutional system of spatial planning in Switzerland. Regressions then explain both the current level of land use per resident as well as the development of this indicator. Factors like cars per resident, the proportion of old people and the rural character of the municipality do increase land use per resident. Case studies show that there are currently hardly any instruments available with which to steer land use beyond the local level. It is concluded that incentives for local administrations should be introduced in order to limit urban and rural sprawl.     

我国二元经济结构的理论分析及解决对策

本文首先梳理了二元经济结构的理论脉络,并介绍了我国学者对二元经济结构的研究。然后介绍和评述了我国二元经济结构的现状及存在的问题。在此基础上,提出了相应的建议,以加快我国二元经济结构的转化。     

Endogenous job destruction and job matching in cities

We propose a spatial search-matching model where both job creation and job destruction are endogenous. Workers are ex ante identical but not ex post since their jobs can be hit by a technological shock which decreases their productivity. They reside in a city, and commuting to the job center involves both pecuniary and time costs. As a result, workers with high wages are willing to live closer to jobs to save on time commuting costs. We show that, in equilibrium, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the productivity space and the urban location space. Workers with high productivities and wages reside close to jobs, have low per distance commuting costs and pay high land rents. We also show that higher per distance commuting costs and higher unemployment benefits lead to more job destruction.     

加强城市公共物品供给的对策探讨

在我国城市化加速发展的今天，切实加强对于城市公共物品的供给，必将对国民经济发生重要的拉动作用。在此，笔者从对城市公共物品的理论界定、供给主体的选择、城市公共物品的效应等方面进行论述的基础上，提出了加强城市公共物品供给的对策     

Regulating consumption with bite: Building a contemporary framework for urban dog management

Australian urban animal management legislation prescribes the conditions for owning and living with dogs. UAM follows from the perceived need to provide community members access to public places without dog aggression or other nuisance behaviors. The literature reveals substantial positive aspects related to dog-keeping (e.g., health, happiness, companionship, the pet economy) that are ignored in the traditional approach to urban animal management. Indeed, a paradox exists with the current approach to UAM, as rules that inhibit dogs exercising and socializing likely contribute to dog-problem behaviors. To resolve this paradox, this article proposes an alternative paradigm for the management of dogs. The paradigm suggests initiating social marketing programs to better manage all of the issues involving urban animal management.     

运用市场机制扩大城市建设资金来源的几点思考

作者根据中国城科会和中国投资学会就城市建设的投融资体制改革和发行市政建设债券的讨论情况 ,阐述了我国城市投资需求继续快速增长的势头 ,筹集建设资金的根本出路以及如何深化改革 ,为按市场运作做准备等三个问题。     

制造业集聚和城市规模对城市绿色全要素生产率的协同效应研究

文章利用2004-2015年中国285个地级及以上城市面板数据，探讨了制造业集聚与城市规模协同性对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制。实证结果表明：（1）中国城市绿色全要素生产率存在明显的空间关联性特征，其具有显著的先增强后减弱的趋势特点。（2）从单因素考虑，制造业集聚与城市绿色全要素生产率之间存在"倒U型"关系，城市规模与城市绿色全要素生产率之间呈现"U型"关系。（3）从协同效应来看，城市规模能够提升制造业集聚的边际效应，但是制造业集聚阻碍了城市规模效应的发挥，两者协同效应的发挥需要互相匹配；以制造业集聚效应为标准，中国城市人口规模存在较大范围的提升空间。（4）从城市绿色技术效率和绿色技术进步的内在路径差异来看，制造业集聚、城市规模对不同路径具有作用相反的影响。这一研究结果为深入理解制造业集聚与城市规模协同性影响城市绿色全要素生产率的作用机制提供了经验证据。