Web2.0环境下网络效应对价值共创的影响机理研究

Web2.0环境下,众多网络平台注重用户参与、交流互动与开放共享,为生产者、消费者等多主体协同参与价值共创提供了条件。为了深入探究网络外部性效应对Web 2.0价值共创模式的影响,研究构建了考虑网络效应的网络平台双边用户参与价值共创的理论模型,模型均衡解表明,消费者参与Web2.0网络平台进行价值共创会增加产品或服务的附加价值,提升消费者满意度,提高消费者对产品或服务的认知价值,进而吸引更多消费者参与价值共创,而消费者数量的增加会进一步提高该服务的价值,并吸引更多商户参与,由此产生正向网络外部性效应。建立了分析消费者剩余的经济模型,剖析了Web2.0环境下消费者无法参与价值分配却仍愿意参与价值共创的内在驱动因素。     

数字经济如何影响制造业全球价值链地位：机制分析与空间溢出

当前,数字经济已成为稳定经济增长的新优势。构建数字经济影响制造业全球价值链地位的数理模型,利用2005—2020年中国省级面板数据,从数字产业化和产业数字化两方面构建省级数字经济发展水平综合评价指标体系,实证研究数字经济对制造业全球价值链地位的影响。结果表明,数字经济能显著提升省域制造业全球价值链地位且具有动态非线性递增效应;与东部地区和非“一带一路”沿线地区相比,数字经济对中西部地区和“一带一路”沿线地区制造业全球价值链地位的提升作用更大。就内在机制而言,提高技术创新能力和推动产业结构升级是数字经济影响制造业全球价值链地位的两条基本路径。进一步的空间杜宾模型分析表明,数字经济对制造业全球价值链地位的影响存在空间溢出效应。     

Confronting the science/value split: notes on feminist economics, institutionalism, pragmatism and process thought

What changes must economics undergo, if it is to become a moreadequate discipline, furthering of survival and flourishing?This essay argues that a break must be made from contemporarymainstream economics at the level of ontology (i.e., about thenature of reality). Drawing on neglected traditions of pragmatistphilosophy and process metaphysics, some elements of ‘old’institutionalist economics, and late-twentieth century naturalscience, it demonstrates that ample argument exists for a viewof the world as open, evolving and permeated with value. Furthermore,feminist scholarship offers an explanation for why such a worldviewfaces an uphill battle for acceptance.     

三维价值链视阈下科技成果转化知识供给体系研究

科技成果转化知识供给是指知识沿价值链不同维度,经过耦合与交流,形成知识供给体系,对其探索可推动知识的精准供给和有序流动。基于全程价值链视角,从3个维度剖析科技成果转化知识供给体系的特征与机理。在纵向维度中,知识供给纵贯创意→设计→实验→中试→量产→销售等价值环节,并经历知识分化、加工、增值、包装与应用;在横向维度中,科技成果转化知识供给内含于各价值模块中,具有半自律化特征;在网络维度中,知识供给嵌于价值网络中,具有开放组合性、跨领域交叉性与跨疆界性。     

基于“四三结构”的战略性新兴产业创新能力非均衡判别与评价

结合战略性新兴产业发展先导性和创新依赖性特征,基于“四三结构”创新体系,从研发创新、转化创新、产品创新、载体创新4个维度及创新价值链3个环节,构建战略性新兴产业创新能力评价指标体系。将4个维度作为产业盈利能力影响因素,结果表明4个维度影响程度不均衡,仅载体创新具有显著影响,转化创新与载体创新协同作用影响显著。考虑到4个维度的非均衡性和区域差异性,运用均衡判别法和威弗组合指数,设计创新能力均衡发展筛选体系,选定粤、京、苏、陕、沪、浙、鲁、鄂8个省域为战略性新兴产业创新能力均衡推进区,最后提出创新价值链前端研发创新优势向中末端扩散的政策建议。     

基于离散小波变换和奇异值分解的数字水印算法

当前数字作品的版权保护问题备受关注,数字水印是保护数字作品版权的有效手段。本研究针对大容量水印嵌入问题,提出一种基于离散小波变换和奇异值分解的灰度图像数字水印算法。首先,利用离散小波变换将原始图像分为LL、LH、HL和HH四个子带;其次,通过奇异值分解获得LL子带图像的对角矩阵S^l以及水印图像的对角矩阵S^w;然后,将矩阵S^l与S^u进行叠加来完成水印嵌入。该算法的突出特点为嵌入的水印容量大,且算法具有较强的鲁棒性。实验证明,嵌入水印后的图像在经受高斯噪声、椒盐噪声、旋转等攻击后,利用该算法仍能提取到有效的水印图像。     

内部控制是利益的平衡机制——法的价值与人本思想的衔接

内部控制是企业或其他主体为规范其内部各环节各利益主体的行为,为协调其活动的有序有效运行而建立的内部机制。法是国家为规范社会构成要素特别是行为者的行为,协调相互关系,保障各利益主体的特定利益机制。如果把企业看成一个国家,或反过来把国家抽象为一个企业,我们发现内部控制方法与法有着惊人的相似之处——利益平衡。     

平台生态系统下我国中小制造企业与互联网融合发展路径研究

随着云计算、大数据、物联网等互联技术兴起,互联网平台逐渐成为我国中小制造企业生存与发展的土壤。基于平台生态系统理论与价值共创理论,遵循“主体互动融合—跨业价值重塑—环境协同共生”基本框架,探究我国中小制造企业与互联网融合的内涵及特征。运用嵌入型多案例研究方法,探究我国中小制造企业与互联网融合发展模式,提炼归纳出我国中小制造企业与互联网融合发展的3种路径。     

Value of information analysis in healthcare: a review of principles and applications

Background:

Economic evaluations are increasingly utilized to inform decisions in healthcare; however, decisions remain uncertain when they are not based on adequate evidence. Value of information (VOI) analysis has been proposed as a systematic approach to measure decision uncertainty and assess whether there is sufficient evidence to support new technologies.

Scope:

The objective of this paper is to review the principles and applications of VOI analysis in healthcare. Relevant databases were systematically searched to identify VOI articles. The findings from the selected articles were summarized and narratively presented.

Findings:

Various VOI methods have been developed and applied to inform decision-making, optimally designing research studies and setting research priorities. However, the application of this approach in healthcare remains limited due to technical and policy challenges.

Conclusion:

There is a need to create more awareness about VOI analysis, simplify its current methods, and align them with the needs of decision-making organizations.     

Risk management instruments for debt driven conservation efforts: The case of India's Project Tiger

Project Tiger has been India's premier case of conservation success. Since mid 1990s select Project Tiger Reserves in India were chosen for intensive funding by the Global Environment Facility, the International Development Agency (IDA) and the Government of India under the ‘India Eco-Development Project’. This project marked a modest shift towards debt based funding. The GEF Project has become a benchmark for tiger conservation in India both in terms of management outcomes and scale and scope of funding. However in the absence of large-scale budgetary support or self-generating income flows, it becomes difficult for the GEF type of project to be replicated in other tiger reserves of the country. Debt instruments hold promise as enablers of conservation finance. The paper proposes issue of ‘tiger bonds’ to meet the financial requirements of tiger reserves. Though attractive as a debt instrument, a ‘tiger bond’ could nevertheless entail interest rate and default risks.Bioprospecting activities form good revenue sources for tiger reserves to pay off their debts. However bioprospecting activities do not provide assured returns to tiger reserves. Pharmaceutical companies that prospect for genetic resources and practice ‘real options’ approach to R&D investment planning, adopt multi-phased investment systems and sequential searches that gives them the flexibility to abandon R&D projects. From the point of view of genetic resource providing entities like Project Tiger Reserves, the ‘postponement value’ generated by real options, enables a drug company to tap substitutes for the genetic resources that form the subject matter of bioprospecting contracts. To obviate possible repayment risks by tiger reserves, the paper advocates the institution of ‘put bonds’ as a risk management tool for Project Tiger Reserves in order to hedge themselves against loan defaults arising from possible loss in bioprospecting income. The paper also brings out the mechanics of the issue of tiger bonds in the Indian context. It is argued that a put bond not only hedges default risks but would also aid ‘value discovery’ and payment for ecosystem services as far as the Project Tiger Reserves of India are concerned.