基于权值优化的认知WiMax信号协同识别

传统的正交频分复用（OFDM）系统识别算法只能识别出接收信号是否为基于全球微波互联接入技术（WiMax）的OFDM信号,但无法判断该信号是认知信号,并且在复杂电磁环境下识别正确率低。为此,提出了一种协同识别认知WiMax无线网络OFDM信号的算法。该算法首先利用OFDM信号的循环自相关特性估计信号的有用符号时间,并通过估计各协同感知节点的信噪比对时间参数的估计值进行加权,得到有用符号时间的协同估计值,进而判断接收信号是否为基于WiMax系统的OFDM信号;再通过自私攻击策略,实现对OFDM信号是否是认知WiMax信号的判别,为进一步研究认知WiMax网络节点定位技术奠定了基础。仿真结果表明,与非协同识别算法相比,提出的协同识别算法在多径和低信噪比条件下具有更高的识别率。     

基于L频段数字航空通信系统1的F-OFDM波形设计

随着航空飞行器种类和数量的激增以及第五代（5G）移动通信系统和物联网（IoT）时代的到来,下一代航空无线通信系统面临着高安全性、大传输容量、低延时、强鲁棒性、高灵活性和综合业务提供等新的挑战。为此,提出了一种基于L频段数字航空通信系统1（L-DACS1）的滤波正交频分复用（F-OFDM）波形设计方法并探讨了可能的技术演进路径。首先引入了认知无线电、非连续载波干涉码OFDM和滤波器的思想,然后针对不同航空飞行器用户动态自适应配置波形参数。仿真结果表明,该方法得到的系统波形具有较低的带外辐射功率、优良的块误码率性能和较高的吞吐量增益。     

利用秩和检验的多天线协作频谱感知

高效稳定的频谱感知是认知无线电系统的关键环节。传统的能量检测算法受噪声不确定性影响,而协方差矩阵类算法在天线相关性低时性能较差。针对上述缺陷,利用秩来衡量由信道衰落导致的同一感知时刻不同天线上的信号功率差异,提出通过构建秩和统计量来实现频谱感知的算法。另外,推导了所提算法判决门限的理论表达式,结果显示其不受采样点数影响,因此当采样点数变化时无需重新设置门限。理论分析和仿真表明所提算法不受噪声不确定度的影响,并且在低天线相关性时可以保持良好的性能。     

LAT模型中基于次用户权值优化的频谱感知

全双工认知无线电LAT（Listen-and-Talk）模型因自干扰消除不完全而使得频谱感知能力下降。为提升频谱感知性能,提出了LAT模型下基于次用户加权的协作式频谱感知方法,分别研究了决策融合和数据融合下次用户最优权值的算法。求解最优权值时利用了凸优化方法,在处理非凸问题时利用了序列规划的方法,得到了较好的优化结果。仿真实验表明,在加权融合机制下的LAT模型得到了趋近于传统LBT（Listen-before-Talk）模型的频谱感知能力。     

中西方老年消费者感知年龄维度属性的比较研究

从感觉、视觉、兴趣和行为等4个侧面,对中国老年人进行感知年龄维度属性的本土化检验发现,感知年龄与实足年龄之间差异为4岁,中西方有着较大差异.感知年龄反映文化和社会规范意涵,相对于实足年龄更适于预测老年人的消费行为.     

Managers’ Moral Reasoning: Evidence from Large Indian Manufacturing Organisations

Increased globalisation has also seen increased scrutiny of corporate behaviour by the communities. Clearly managers are under increased pressure from stakeholders not only to outperform their competitors, but also are expected to do so in an ethical manner. In order to act ethically an individual is expected to have a well-developed moral imagination and moral reasoning. Literature on ethical reasoning research indicates a positive relationship between higher levels of moral reasoning and ethical behaviour. This paper presents the findings of a study of the moral reasoning/moral development of managers working in large manufacturing enterprises situated in the state of Punjab in India. Kohlberg’s theory of Cognitive Moral Development forms the basis of the study. Moral Judgement Interview (MIG) developed by Weber, on the basis of Kohlberg’s theory was used for the study. Moral Reasoning Scores were calculated using Abbreviated Scoring Guide. More than half of the managers scored at post-conventional level of reasoning while assessing the moral dilemmas. The reasoning scores varied for the three dilemmas. Manjit Monga is a lecturer in the School of Management, at the Division of Business, University of South Australia. Her research interests are in the area of management and workplace ethics, organisational culture, research ethics and resource management. The aythor is a lecturer in the School of Mangement, at the Division of Business,University of South Australia. Her research interests are in the area of mangement and workplace ethics,organisational culture,research ethics and human resource mangement.     

Public system usability analysis for the valuation of cognitive burden and interface standardization: A case study of cross-ATM design

Humans are unable to effectively handle machines that have poor interface and interaction patterns. The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is one of the machines that is most frequently operated by a wide spectrum of people. Hence, it is common to apply Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) technology in the design of ATMs. User–ATM interaction, however, has barriers such as a user’s working memory limit, lower literacy level, or lack of awareness and access. Moreover, the diversity of interfaces hurt user motivation, perception, and experience significantly. For example, each bank has its own ATM design targeting its customers only and, thus, when clients of other banks come across such a machine, they suffer from cognitive burden and commit many errors. To this end, we conduct an analytical survey of ATMs used in Pakistan through user analysis and heuristics analysis. We figure out the influence of design diversity and user perception on ATM users’ cognitive stress with the cognitive walkthrough analysis on the survey. We also uncover a realism-usability gap by reviewing the sampled ATM screens from the viewpoint of HCI heuristics. Finally, we suggest the guidelines on the cross-ATM design, characterized by the standardized fast-cash menu and the fail-safe mechanism for novices. This study demonstrates that users are reluctant to switch out of their comfort zones, due to learning costs and a lack of motivation. Therefore, we should design public systems in a very standardized way, which becomes more crucial for a user’s cognitive relief as interface and design patterns are becoming more diverse in our daily lives.     

认知无线Ad Hoc网络单跳传输容量的研究

研究了认知无线电Ad Hoc网络的单跳传输能力,该网络与主用户网络工作在同一地理区 域和共享同一频谱。主用户网络具有更高的优先级访问认知用户网络频谱,认知网络需要控 制其发射机密度以限制对主用户干扰。认知、主用户节点位置假设服从泊松点分布,推导了 认知、主用户网络单跳传输容量,最后进行了仿真验证其正确性。仿真结果表明：主用户网 络传输容量随主用户中断概率增加而增加,随增量中断概率的增加而降低。认知用户网络传 输容量仅由次用户中断概率参数决定。     

Emotions and dissonance in ‘ethical’ consumption choices

Abstract

This paper investigates the role of emotions and the prevalence of dissonant/incongruent choice behaviour within the context of ethical consumption. Based on 31 in-depth interviews with British consumers, the findings demonstrate that consumers consciously indulge in ‘ethical’ and ‘unethical’ behaviour (as defined by respondents themselves), often within short time frames, and that they often compensate for unethical choices by making ethical choices later on (and vice versa). The study provides evidence that positive and negative emotions are a key driver of this dissonant behaviour. Guilt is the most salient emotion, and a taxonomy of guilt in this context is derived from the data. Consumers are found to employ guilt-management strategies in order to sustain contradictory behaviour and manage cognitive dissonance. A conceptual framework is derived in order to summarise the observed role of emotions in ethical consumer choice. The paper also provides additional explanations of the manifestation of the attitude–behaviour gap.     

An Investigation into the Meaning of the Term Commitment in Sino Foreign Higher Educational Alliances—An Adventure into the Heart and Soul of Successful Alliances

Abstract

There is now a substantial body of research evaluating various aspects of educational alliances between Chinese and foreign universities, and one of the key aspects of success seems to be the degree of commitment made by the two sides. Yet the term commitment continues to remain elusive and very broad in scope. This paper attempts to identify what commitment meant to managers from a number of Chinese and foreign university alliances and concludes that it was a complex and deeply felt sentiment encompassing affective and cognitive aspects related to the personal and operational dimensions of an alliance over time. Commitment-in its various forms and guiseslay at the very core of a successful alliance. It enabled people-and their respective institutions-to devote considerable levels of emotional and cognitive energy to the alliance: it was about passion, and results; about enthusiasm and value; and about empathy and measurable quality.