Fair Value and the IASB/FASB Conceptual Framework Project: An Alternative View

This paper analyses various controversial issues arising from the current project of the IASB and FASB to develop a joint conceptual framework for financial reporting standards. It discusses their possible implications for measurement and, in particular, for the use of fair value as the preferred measurement basis. Two competing world views are identified as underlying the debate: a Fair Value View, implicit in the IASB's public pronouncements, and an Alternative View implicit in publicly expressed criticisms of the IASB's pronouncements. The Fair Value View assumes that markets are relatively perfect and complete and that, in such a setting, financial reports should meet the needs of passive investors and creditors by reporting fair values derived from current market prices. The Alternative View assumes that markets are relatively imperfect and incomplete and that, in such a market setting, financial reports should also meet the monitoring requirements of current shareholders (stewardship) by reporting past transactions and events using entity-specific measurements that reflect the opportunities actually available to the reporting entity. The different implications of the two views are illustrated by reference to specific issues in recent accounting standards. Finally, the theoretical support for the two views is discussed. It is concluded that, in a realistic market setting, the search for a universal measurement method may be fruitless and a more appropriate approach to the measurement problem might be to define a clear measurement objective and to select the measurement method that best meets that objective in the particular circumstances that exist in relation to each item in the accounts. An example of such an approach is deprival value, which is not, at present, under consideration by the IASB.     

Strategische Steuerung der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung mit Strategy Maps

Zusammenfassung  Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Steuerung und Bewertung von Ma?nahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung. Gesellschaftliche Ver?nderungen wie bspw. die Globalisierung oder der demografische Wandel führen dazu, dass die Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter in vielen Bereichen zu einem Engpassfaktor der Leistungserstellung geworden ist. Eine zentrale Rolle zur gezielten unternehmerischen Beeinflussung der personellen Ressourcen eines Unternehmens und damit auch der Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter spielt das Wissen über Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen im Bereich der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung und deren Einfluss auf den Erfolg der Leistungserstellung. Zur gezielten Steuerung der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung wird ein Rahmenkonzept vorgestellt, das aus der Logik der Balanced Scorecard und Strategy Maps abgeleitet wird und auf Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen basiert.

电子式三相电能表示值误差测量结果不确定度评定

JJF1059-1999《测量不确定皮评定与表示》中规定了测量评定与表示不确定度的通用规则。文章通过对电子式三相电能表示值误差测量结果各项误差来源的分析,利用数理统计和实验方法对电子式三相电能表示值误差测量结果的不确定度进行分析和计算,以供大家参考。     

金融时间序列指标判别框架：以特质波动率为例

基于拐点集合判别的TBUD方法主要思路是分析拐点集合间的关系,并在高维空间进行划分,从而搭建判别模型,并将分析框架应用在特质波动率等若干指标上,利用实证数据得到结论。应用 TBUD判别框架可以发现,特质波动率等指标无法对拐点集合进行清晰划分,因而并不具有预测能力。     

信用评估中的特征选择方法研究

特征（变量）选择是信用评估中常用的一种数据降维技术,然而传统的基于相关性的特征选择方法（CFS）在计算变量间相关系数时,本质上是一种线性分析方法,无法有效处理非线性关系的数据,导致不能准确估计变量间相关性的大小。本文在分析CFS方法的基础上,引入Gebelein最大相关系数（GMC）,提出了一种非线性相关性特征选择方法——基于Gebelein最大相关性特征选择方法（GCFS）。在此基础上,结合支持向量机（SVM）技术,构建了GCFS SVM评估模型。该模型能有效地识别变量间的非线性相关关系,更真实估计变量间相关系数大小,从而筛选出最优变量子集,最终提高模型评估预测能力。为验证本文所提方法的效果,通过对两个公开的信用数据集的实证研究,结果表明：与其他方法相比,本文提出的GCFS方法能显著改善信用评估模型预测性能,提高模型判别能力,本研究成果也为信用评估模型的构建提供了一种新的思路和有益的参考。     

Monetization and growth in colonial New England, 1703–1749

We examine econometrically the real effects of paper money's introduction into colonial New England over the 1703–1749 period. Departing from earlier analyses that focus primarily on the depreciation of paper money in the region, we show that expansion of the money stock promoted growth in modern sector activity and not the other way around. We also find that bills emitted for seigniorage purposes had a positive effect on the modern sector, while bills issued through loan banks did not.     

中国不同创新模式绩效的总体测度及关系研究

笔者在对我国创新模式与创新周期分析的基础上,基于高技术产业面板数据,采用格兰杰因果检验、面板数据、面板向量自回归模型系统研究了自主创新投入与引进技术投入的绩效及互动关系。结果表明,我国引进技术的总体利用和二次创新良好,总体绩效较高,引进技术与自主创新的替代与互补效应并存,呈现互补效应大于替代效应的良好态势。实证研究未发现我国存在"低效率技术引进陷阱"现象,在原发性创新方面我国还有较大差距。     

The valuation of risk transfer in UK school public private partnership contracts

A number of studies have examined the public private partnership (PPP) policy and have questioned the risk transfer argument used by the UK government to legitimise its adoption. This paper contributes to the literature by illustrating how accounting numbers have been used to value risks and justify the PPP decision. Data from the full business cases of two UK PPP schools and semi-structured interviews are used to illustrate the complexities and subjective judgements involved in valuing risks and achieving optimal risk transfer. The analysis suggests that the accounting numbers used to value risks are not neutral or objective but are socially constructed and may be manipulated to justify the PPP decision.     

服务型领导、互动公平与员工责任行为创新研究

在深化改革时代背景下，我国公共部门人员的工作积极性缺乏，责任意识缺失、“不作为”行为较为突出。从服务型领导风格、互动公平、权力距离等主要影响因素入手，试图解释公共部门人员责任行为的多重影响机制。根据社会信息加工理论和社会交换理论，构建了一个调节—中介模型，探讨服务型领导影响员工责任行为的过程机制。对8家单位58个部门400名员工进行两阶段配对调研和结构方程建模分析，结果发现：服务型领导对责任行为具有积极影响；互动公平在两者之间起中介作用；权力距离负向调节了互动公平与责任行为之间的关系；权力距离负向调节了服务型领导与责任行为之间的间接作用。最后，揭示了服务型领导影响员工责任行为的作用机制及边界条件，结论对提升公共部门管理效率、增强员工工作积极性具有重要价值。     

关子阳日体远近说

这篇文章主要是就关子阳的日体远近说进行说明，并且指出其学说的错误的原因何在，即观测的不准确性导致的结果，进一步深入讨论，如果循着正确观测的道路，会引发怎样的结果。