A model for R&D performance measurement

R&D activities are increasingly costly and risky and, as a consequence, measuring their performance and contribution to value becomes critical. This paper illustrates a formal model for measuring R&D performance, based upon a balanced and synthetic evaluation of quantitative indicators from five different perspectives of performance: financial, customer, innovation and learning, internal business, alliances, and networks. The model is built in coherence with the suggestions coming from the theory of measurement in soft systems, which gives relevant guidelines for ensuring validity, objectivity and inter-subjectivity of the model. Then, an application in a real R&D setting is described, which helps to understand the model and to enlighten its main advantages and limits.     

Strategische Steuerung der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung mit Strategy Maps

Zusammenfassung  Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Steuerung und Bewertung von Ma?nahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung. Gesellschaftliche Ver?nderungen wie bspw. die Globalisierung oder der demografische Wandel führen dazu, dass die Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter in vielen Bereichen zu einem Engpassfaktor der Leistungserstellung geworden ist. Eine zentrale Rolle zur gezielten unternehmerischen Beeinflussung der personellen Ressourcen eines Unternehmens und damit auch der Gesundheit der Mitarbeiter spielt das Wissen über Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen im Bereich der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung und deren Einfluss auf den Erfolg der Leistungserstellung. Zur gezielten Steuerung der betrieblichen Gesundheitsf?rderung wird ein Rahmenkonzept vorgestellt, das aus der Logik der Balanced Scorecard und Strategy Maps abgeleitet wird und auf Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen basiert.

基于商业银行内部数据的KMV模型实证研究

本文借助KMV模型框架,对商业银行拥有的大量公司财务报表数据运用统计方法进行模型参数估计,计算得到了非上市公司的违约距离和经验函数,实现了违约概率的模型估计。实证表明,我国公司在违约距离或违约数量上的真实概率分布均呈现显著的T分布和肥尾特性;违约距离具有较高的风险区分能力;由会计信息进行参数估计的模型导出的具有较高的风险标志精度;进而表明基于会计报表数据的违约风险模型和基于资本市场数据的模型在实证上的有效性非常近似。     

Measurement Matters—Alternative Input Price Proxies for Bank Efficiency Analyses

Most bank efficiency studies that use stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) employ each bank’s own implicit input price when estimating efficient frontiers. But at the same time, most studies are based on cost and/or profit models that assume perfect input markets. Traditional input price proxies therefore contain at least substantial measurement error. We suggest here two alternative input market definitions to approximate exogenous input prices. We have access to Bundesbank data, which allows us to cover virtually all German universal banks between 1993 and 2003. The use of alternative input price proxies leads to mean cost efficiency that is significantly five percentage points lower compared to traditional input prices. Mean profit efficiency is hardly affected. Across models, small cooperative banks located in large western states perform best while large banks and those located in eastern states rank lowest. This paper is the result of a research cooperation between the Utrecht School of Economics and Deutsche Bundesbank. It represents the author’s personal opinions and does not reflect the views of the Deutsche Bundesbank.     

谈可转换债券的会计确认、计量及信息披露

可转换债券作为一种衍生金融工具,在国际资本市场上已有１５０多年的历史,成为一种非常成熟的投资工具。在我国,可转换债券只在短短１０几年的发展历史,很多有关可转换债券的问题有待于人们探讨、解决。本文重点谈谈可转换债券在会计确认,计量及信息披露方面对传统会计理论的影响。以及国际上可借鉴的通行做法。     

应用单摆原理进行流量测量的理论研究

容积式流量测量方法和速度式流量测量方法存在费用高,误差大的缺点.运用粘性流体力学理论,提出研制一种利用单摆原理计量流体流量的测量仪器,该仪器具有结构简单、安装方便等优点,易于开发成一种实时在线的流量计量仪器.     

《工程计量与计价》课程教学改革研究

《工程计量与计价》是工程管理、工程造价的一门专业核心课,该门课程的学习愈发受到重视。论文对该课程的特点和现状加以分析,并针对问题提出相应改革措施,以便更好地开展《工程计量与计价》的课程教学改革,提高教学质量,更好地适应社会的人才需要。     

BENFORD'S LAW AS AN INDICATOR OF SURVEY RELIABILITY—CAN WE TRUST OUR DATA?

This paper analyzes how closely different income measures conform to Benford's law, a mathematical predictor of probable first digit distribution across many sets of numbers. Because Benford's law can be used to test data set reliability, we use a Benford analysis to assess the quality of six widely used survey data sets. Our findings indicate that although income generally obeys Benford's law, almost all the data sets show substantial discrepancies from it, which we interpret as a strong indicator of reliability issues in the survey data. This result is confirmed by a simulation, which demonstrates that household level income data do not manifest the same poor performance as individual level data. This finding implies that researchers should focus on household level characteristics whenever possible to reduce observation errors.     

中国与加拿大新一代管理者的文化差异实证研究

随着经济全球化的发展,中国成为了世界的投资热点,因此,中西方文化差异成为国外投资者非常关切的一个问题。在众多的研究中,Hofstede提出的文化四维度以及对各国的文化差异分析是被广为接受的研究成果。但是由于数据的不可比性,不能客观地反映中国和加拿大两国的文化差异。此外,中国经济环境的变化必然带来文化的不断发展和变化。因此,在新的经济环境下研究中西方文化差异具有现实意义。本文基于对中国和加拿大商务专业大学生的调查,采用Hofstede的文化四维度对比分析中、加新一代管理者的文化差异新趋势及其对企业管理的影响,从而为中西文化的了解提供借鉴。     

人民币汇率购买力平价问题的重新研究——基于结构突变检验与变结构协整的视角

本文应用LM结构突变检验以及Gregory-Hansen等变结构协整方法,对人民币汇率购买力平价问题进行了重新研究。研究发现样本期内人民币汇率发生了两次结构突变,第一次发生在2005年7月,第二次发生在2006年12月。LM检验显示,发生了结构突变的汇率数据生成过程仍为单位根过程,意味着某些经济冲击确实对数据生成过程(DGP)产生了实质影响。进一步对比研究发现,在未考虑结构突变情况下,样本期内购买力平价不成立;但在考虑结构突变情况下,两种变结构协整方法都支持购买力平价成立。