公司购并利益相关者的利益均衡吗?——基于公司购并动因的风险溢价套利分析

本文利用信息经济学与博弈论理论 ,从公司利益相关者的利益均衡角度对公司购并进行动态博弈分析。为刻画行为主体利益动态均衡过程 ,论文应用Rubinstein讨价还价模型 ,揭示公司购并过程中利益均衡及其对公司购并的推动作用。为解开“购并公司股东损益之谜” ,论文引进购并公司信息占优条件下的风险套利模型 ,分析购并公司溢价购并损失在市场背后的风险套利补偿。在此基础上 ,采用市场分析法对上市公司购并利益分配进行实证 ,检验结果显示中国证券市场同样存在“购并公司股东损益之谜”。     

How important is variability in consumer credit limits?

Using a large panel this paper first demonstrates that individuals gain and lose access to credit frequently. The estimated credit limit volatility is larger than most estimates of income volatility and varies over the business cycle. Within a model, variable credit limits create a reason for households to hold both high interest debts and low interest savings at the same time. Using the estimated credit volatility, the model explains why around one third of American households engage in this credit card puzzle. The approach also offers an important new channel through which financial system uncertainty can affect household decisions.     

购买力平价之谜理论的新进展及其实证检验

购买力平价作为其他汇率学说的理论基础和现实中汇率决定的重要依据,仍然备受关注。特别是伴随着计量技术和数理经济的进步与发展,大量的实证研究文献不断累积。购买力平价之谜便是其中的重要命题之一。文章首先简要回顾了购买力平价的理论脉络和购买力平价之谜的内涵,然后采用中国、日本和美国三国的数据,利用最小二乘法、单位根、协整和Granger因果关系检验等计量技术多角度验证了购买力平价之谜和购买力平价的有效性,并对购买力平价对我国的适用性进行了解释。     

Expectations Formation,Sticky Prices,and the ZLB

At the zero lower bound (ZLB), expectations about the future path of monetary or fiscal policy are crucial. We model expectations formation under level- $$ thinking, a form of bounded rationality formalized by García-Schmidt and Woodford (2019) and Farhi and Werning (2019), consistent with experimental evidence. This process does not lead to a number of puzzling features from rational expectations models, such as the reversal puzzle, or implausible large fiscal multipliers. Optimal monetary policy at the ZLB under level- $$ thinking prescribes keeping the nominal rate lower for longer, but short-run macro-economic stabilization is less powerful compared to rational expectations.     

Option augmented density forecasts of market returns with monotone pricing kernel

Basic financial theory indicates that the ratio of the conditional density of the future value of a market index and the corresponding risk neutral density should be monotone, but a sizeable empirical literature finds otherwise. We therefore consider an option augmented density forecast of the market return obtained by transforming a baseline density forecast estimated from past excess returns so as to monotonize its ratio with a risk neutral density estimated from current option prices. To evaluate our procedure, we compare baseline and option augmented monthly density forecasts for the S&P 500 index over the period 1997–2013. We find that monotonizing the pricing kernel leads to a modest improvement in the calibration of density forecasts. Supplementary results supportive of this finding are given for market indices in France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan and the UK.     

Currency excess returns and global downside market risk

We assess cross-sectional differences in 23 bilateral currency excess returns in an empirical model that distinguishes between US-specific and global risks, conditional on US bull (upside) or bear (downside) markets. Using the US dollar as numeraire currency, our results suggest that global downside risk is compensated in conditional and unconditional, bilateral currency excess returns. This finding is mostly driven by the emerging markets' currencies in our sample. We also find that the link between the global downside risk and risks associated with a typical carry trade strategy is much weaker for emerging markets' currencies than for developed markets' currencies.     

On returns differentials

Estimates of U.S. returns differentials have ranged from exorbitant to quite small, in part because of their volatility coupled with the relatively short time series available. We shed light on underlying drivers of returns differentials by presenting a number of decompositions: a by-asset-class decomposition into yields and capital gains, the Gourinchas and Rey (2007a) composition and return effects, and further decompositions of capital gains that focus on exchange rate effects. While each decomposition informs thinking about returns differentials, one constant is evident throughout: to date the existing differential favoring the U.S. has owed primarily to one factor, a differential in direct investment yields. We discuss how our analysis informs the income puzzle (of positive net income flows to the U.S. even as its net international investment position is negative and substantial) and the position puzzle (of a sizeable gap between the reported U.S. net international position and cumulated current account deficits), provide an initial assessment of the literature on the dynamics of returns differentials, and present a framework to guide a forward-looking view of how returns differentials might evolve in the future.     

职业经理人发展中的困惑及对策分析

职业经理人已发展成为一个社会阶层,并在国民经济的持续发展过程中发挥着积极的作用,但是职业经理人也面临着很多的困惑。这种困惑是职业经理人与社会的不和谐而产生的非理性因素,与职业经理人的生存环境有关。本文从职业经理人的生存环境入手,着重分析了职业经理人面临困惑的原因,并提出了对策。     

The Feldstein-Horioka puzzle and capital mobility: The role of the recent financial crisis

The Feldstein-Horioka (FH) puzzle has long been debated as it relates to the important topics of capital mobility and how to determine levels of investment. Adopting a recursive approach and panel techniques, this paper explores the impacts of the recent financial crisis on the validity of the puzzle. The OECD’s saving-investment correlation dropped to a record low just before the 2008 crisis began, reflecting the perceived ‘end’ of the FH puzzle in some studies. But since the onset of the crisis, our results indicate that this correlation has increased, suggesting the puzzle’s return. The puzzle for net capital-importing and net capital-exporting countries differs, with the relationship being more significant for the exporters compared to the importers, reflecting the asymmetry in terms of the degree of shocks across countries.     

百家争鸣难结论:股利之谜

迄今为止,有三类理论试图解释"股利之谜":代理理论(道德风险)、信号理论(逆向选择)和行为金融理论。这些理论详细解释了"为什么公司支付股利","为什么投资者喜欢股利","股利如何影响股价","管理者对分配股利的态度怎样"等问题。在详细总结国内外研究文献的基础上,我们提出了股利研究的未来发展方向。