ZEIS maps: Comparing areas to be earmarked exclusively for social housing in São Paulo city

The Special Zones of Social Interest (Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social – ZEIS) are urban areas specifically earmarked under municipal law for social housing purposes. ZEIS maps demarcated under São Paulo city’s Master Plans – 2002 and 2014 – were examined to quantify the changes over the years and to provide starting point data to evaluate of the limits and the possibilities for further socioeconomic and legal analysis. The zoning impacts were assessed by numeric and cartographic comparison using the available socioeconomic maps and reports produced by the municipality. A post-occupation (a posteriori) zoning (ZEIS type 1 representing 9.4% of municipal area) followed the expansion of the informal settlements, thus providing a first step for assessing the land tenure, while a pre-occupation (a priori) zoning (ZEIS types 2, 3, 4 and 5 representing 2.3% of municipal area) is an important measure for designating land for social housing purposes, even if they do maintain the segregated occupation pattern on the periphery. Upgrading programs have been disappointing, considering the amount of informally occupied land; similarly, property regularization in the land registry offices reveals a lack of political priority and rare provision of public goods and amenities. For vacant land, determining the social function of property remains a challenge because less than 10% of land use intended for social housing projects was implemented as planned. Housing deficit and inequality remain as complex problems. Obviously ZEIS as a zoning tool is still unable to make the fairest occupation processes possible, not being an isolated solution, but if it is used correctly with other innovative measures and housing solutions, satisfactory results can be achieved.     

Comparing states with and without growth management analysis based on indicators with policy implications comment

In a recent volume of this journal, Nelson (Land Use Policy 16 (1999) 121) defines and computes several statewide indicators designed to evaluate the effectiveness of growth management efforts in Oregon and Florida. Two indicators are intended to measure how well states have contained urban sprawl and preserved farmland. They are computed using US Census of Population and US Census of Agriculture data. In this comment, I highlight potential problems associated with using these data to evaluate urban sprawl and farmland preservation, and recompute Nelson's indicators using alternative land use data. Differences and similarities between my indicators and those computed by Nelson are discussed.     

基于风险区划下的玉米区域产量保险差别费率厘定——以吉林省九个地级市为例

农业保险发展过程中难以避免逆向选择的发生,区域产量保险的提出可以为减少逆向选择和道德风险提供基础,是农业保险未来的发展方面。通过以玉米种植为例,利用产量指标为基础,将吉林省各地区分为三个风险区域,并在此基础上进行区域产量保险的费率厘定,得到区域级别的费率,为吉林省玉米保险的发展提供意见建议。     

基于“拟合”理念的巴蜀古镇区域保护

以融贯学科的研究思维作为方法论基础,阐释了"拟合"的概念涵义及其在巴蜀古镇保护中的适用性,同时探讨了"拟合"时于古镇保护的现实意义和技术路线,在此基础之上提出了古镇保护区域拟合的建构模式与分区构想,为巴蜀古镇的区域保护提供了一种具体的工作思路和技术方法.     

个体定税应加快区域、行业划分促进个体定税公平

本文旨在通过调查，分析个体定税现状及理论基础，而后提出个体定税区域、行业划分的思路及方法，可促进个体定税的公平。     

纽约区划的发展研究及借鉴

纽约区划政策自1916年诞生至今,不断在发展中调整完善,从“传统区划”走向“新”区划。中国目前正处于城市化高速发展时期,在城市建设规划和土地管理中,可借鉴美国的经验,在城市发展与进步的同时,有效平衡各种利益需求,保护并合理利用土地资源,有序推进城市化进程,促进城市协调健康发展。本文从纽约区划的产生、成熟、发展来论述其历史沿革、主要内容、存在的问题,并结合我国土地利用中的实际问题,阐释纽约区划对我国进行土地改革的借鉴意义。     

Impact of comprehensive development zoning on real estate development in Hong Kong

This article presents empirical tests to examine if the comprehensive development area (CDA) where the town planning is more comprehensive has relatively higher economic values than the area outside CDA. The three hypothesis are: (i) CDAs have less environmental complaints than areas outside CDA; (ii) property sales price variances in CDAs are smaller than those in areas outside CDAs; and (iii) property sales prices in CDAs are higher than those in areas outside CDAs. These findings have important implications on efforts to consider planning policy in land use decisions.     

论突发事件应对中的双重响应体系——兼论《突发事件应对法》的修改

双重响应体系中预警响应与应急响应在立法层面的“阶段性”预设，无法有效契合突发事件应对的实践逻辑。而定位于具有各自功能的“异质性”解释则构成了双重响应体系回归实践理性的基础。这一解释突破了现有规范对预警响应和应急响应在时间结构上的严格设计以及在程序衔接上的因果关联，为以风险递进效应为分析工具所得出的功能调和论与适用场景的理论概化奠定了基础和前提，进而为《突发事件应对法》的修改提供价值引导和理论依循。