对“入世”前景下中国旅游业的法律思考

本文通过对世界贸易组织关于服务贸易法律制度的研究,探讨了现行中国旅游服务业法律体系在“入世”的前景下所面临的严峻挑战,进而提出了中国旅游服务业当前所应进行的几项法律建设内容,即1．尽早建立起完整的旅游服务贸易法律体系,制定《旅游法》。2．根据WTO规则补充、修订和完善现有的旅游服务立法,使之提高到GATS框架下承诺的水平。3．依据GATS有关尊重各国政策目标、照顾国家发展水平的原则条款,争取有序开放的环境和条件。4．促进相关领域自由化进程与旅游业开放的同步协调发展。     

Privatisation and the unusual case of Belarusian accession to the WTO

The accession negotiations of Belarus to the WTO are unusual since, due to its obligations in the Eurasian Economic Union, WTO accession is not expected to impact its tariffs or formerly substantial trade‐distorting agricultural subsidies. Nonetheless, we estimate that WTO accession will increase welfare by 9.9% of consumption in Belarus. We show that inclusion of: (i) foreign direct investment; (ii) reduction in non‐discriminatory barriers against services providers; and (iii) our model with imperfect competition and endogenous productivity effects together produce estimated gains eleven times larger than a model of perfect competition with only cross‐border trade in services. Our analysis is enabled by our production of a data set on both discriminatory and non‐discriminatory barriers in services and their ad valorem equivalents. Based on a new data set on labour productivity by sector and type of ownership, in our central model, we estimate that privatisation will increase welfare by 35.8% of consumption. We find substantial variance in the estimated gains from privatisation depending on model assumptions, but all the estimates of the impacts of privatisation indicate substantial welfare gains.     

Fiscal policy in Central and Eastern Europe with real time data: cyclicality,inertia and the role of EU accession

This article evaluates the cyclicality, inertia and effect of EU accession on fiscal policy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) using a real time dataset. Budget balances are found to react in a stabilizing way to economic activity – every extra percentage point of economic growth is associated with an improvement in the budget balance of 0.3 percentage points of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – and there is no evidence of an asymmetric reaction to the cycle. Balances are much less inert than is typically found in Western Europe. However, there is clear evidence of a fiscal loosening in the run-up to EU accession. This began in 1999 in larger central European countries, often identified as ‘front-runners’. The other seven began loosening in 2001, after the Nice Treaty was agreed. For both sets of countries, this loosening cumulatively amounts to some 3% of GDP.     

中资银行迎接外资银行全面竞争的策略研究

随着中国银行业市场不断扩大对外资银行的开放程度，在华外资银行已在市场份额、客户营销、业务经营及人才吸引等方面对中资银行的经营形成挑战。中资银行只有加快改革进程，进一步提升自身的竞争力，才能在2006年底中国银行业全面开放后从容应对外资银行的激烈竞争。本文结合当前中国银行业的改制过程，提出了中资银行的应对策略，即通过与外资银行的业务及股权合作来弥补自身不足，通过调整经营结构实现经营战略的转型，通过完善公司治理培育自身的核心竞争力，通过解决经营中的实际问题提高市场应变力，通过落实“以人为本”的理念切实提升人力资源价值。     

Money Demand in an EU Accession Country: A VECM Study of Croatia

The paper estimates the money demand in Croatia using monthly data from 1994 to 2002. A failure of the Fisher equation is found, and adjustment to the standard money‐demand function is made to include the inflation rate as well as the nominal interest rate. In a two‐equation cointegrated system, a stable money demand shows rapid convergence back to equilibrium after shocks. This function performs better than an alternative using the exchange rate instead of the inflation rate as in the ‘pass‐through’ literature on exchange rates. The results provide a basis for inflation rate forecasting and suggest the ability to use inflation targeting goals in transition countries during the EU accession process. Finding a stable money demand also limits the scope for central bank ‘inflation bias’.     

Re‐entering Europe: Does European Union candidacy boost foreign direct investment?

This study examines the ability of the Central and Eastern European countries to attract foreign direct investment during the first decade of transition. After considering a model of profit maximizing firms, we undertake an empirical investigation of the factors that determine multinational firms’ location decisions within Europe. We find empirical support for the traditional market size and cost factors. In addition, we examine the effect of key European Union announcements regarding the accession process. Results indicate that the announcements had statistically significant and quantitatively important effects on foreign direct investment in the Central and Eastern European candidate countries.     

BRIC Agricultural Policies Through a WTO Lens

This article examines the agricultural policies of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) through the prism of the disciplines on agricultural domestic support in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although the BRIC are often grouped collectively as an emerging force in the world economy, divergent agricultural interests are reflected in different approaches towards agricultural policy both through international dispute settlement and notification of their own support. We examine the support notified to the WTO for verification of compliance with their legal commitments, which under the complex WTO rules often differs significantly from measurement of support in economic terms. We note the resulting difficulties of these disciplines in establishing limits on trade‐distorting support. Implications of a Doha agreement are examined. Although the prospect of adoption of new Doha disciplines has become remote, the negotiated provisions are informative about the future policy space the BRIC sought to maintain. Russia’s domestic support commitments under its 2012 WTO accession extend the international disciplines but share the complexity of the other cases.     

《中国加入议定书》研究的两个十年——兼论加入议定书的强制执行性等问题

2001年中国入世后,国内外学者对中国加入议定书及"加入WTO法"进行了比较广泛和深入的研究。在2011年的原材料案裁决之后,国内外的研究进入了新阶段,尤其体现为对加入议定书法律地位等根本性问题的反思。中国的加入议定书包含了大量特殊义务,中国迄今作为当事方的WTO争端有半数以上与议定书条款有关,因此进一步深化加入议定书研究具有重要的实践价值。本文就议定书研究的方法论提出了建议,并就加入议定书的"间接适用论"以及2016年后其他成员是否有权在对华反倾销中继续使用特殊的价格比较方法这两个具体问题发表意见。     

中国入世后十年的六大挑战与应对

文章主要论述中国加入世贸组织后十年遇到的挑战与应对,由六大部分构成。第一部分是世贸组织受到严峻的挑战与应对,提出五大挑战与四条应对措施。第二部分是对中国期望加高和竞争加强的挑战与应对,提出三大挑战与五项应对措施。第三部分是中国贸易发展基础不牢的挑战与应对,提出九大挑战与四项应对措施。第四部分是世贸组织规则掌握与运用欠缺的挑战与应对,提出六大挑战与六项应对措施。第五部分是整体应对机制相对落后的挑战与应对,提出四大挑战与三项应对措施。第六部分为世贸组织研究与人才匮乏的挑战与应对,提出三大挑战与两大应对措施。     

商业零售企业所面临的形势与对策

加入WTO,国有商业零售企业生存和发展面临新一轮的挑战,形势严竣,基于对省新街口百货公司的案例分析,“谋创新之路,图联合发展”是寻找出路的必然选择。