石家庄市灰霾天气变化规律研究

以研究石家庄市灰霾天气的变化规律及成因为目的,为石家庄市灰霾天气的防治提供技术支持,根据石家庄市2011年气象局的观测资料以及石家庄市环境监测中心梯度站污染物浓度的监测资料,对灰霾天气与气象条件以及污染物浓度的关系进行了分析。结果表明,石家庄市灰霾天气日数的年代际变化非常明显,20世纪60年代初是灰霾日数最少期,80年代和90年代是灰霾日数急剧上升期,2000年以后灰霾日数有所下降。灰霾天气季节变化很明显,呈现出秋、冬季多(分别占全年的20.5%和53.5%),春、夏季少(分别占全年的15.2%和10.8%)的分布特征。静风、小风,低湿度以及连续的不降雨是造成灰霾天气的重要因素。石家庄市SO2,NOx,PM2.5和PM10浓度的变化与灰霾日的变化有很好的一致性(相关系数分别为78.4%,70.9%,77.3%和73.8%),灰霾日污染物浓度均明显高于非灰霾日,一年四季中以冬季灰霾日污染物浓度最高,秋季次之,夏季最低。     

室内吸污植物简介及其吸污机理探讨

介绍了几种吸收室内空气污染的常见植物以及它们的吸污功能和生长特性,对植物吸收污染物的机理进行了探讨。     

我国低碳旅游的内涵及可持续发展策略研究

低碳旅游的发展有助于推动我国旅游业的节能减排与可持续发展。依据低碳旅游产生的背景与低碳经济的内涵,通过对比可持续旅游、生态旅游,提出低碳旅游的概念内涵,在此基础上提出我国低碳旅游的发展目标、原则与特点,最后以利益相关者理论为基础,从政府部门、旅游目的地、旅游企业和旅游者四大低碳旅游核心利益相关主体,提出我国低碳旅游可持续发展策略,可为低碳旅游发展提供参考。     

高级氧化法处理有机废水技术

综述了近年来发展迅速的高级氧化技术,主要包括臭氧氧化法、湿式氧化技术等.介绍了各种高级氧化技术的基本原理及在废水处理中的应用进展,并对其特点进行了评述.     

Convergence of greenhouse gas emissions among G7 countries

The convergence of air pollutants is a major concern for policymakers since all the countries pursue the goal of allocating the emissions equally internationally in the future. Hence, the examination of the existence of convergence is important for the climate change protection of the earth. In this article, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions convergence among the G7 countries for the period between 1990 and 2011 is examined using the pairwise testing technique proposed by that aims to analyse probabilistic convergence across a large number of cross-sectional units. Next, we proceed with multivariate tests for stability and the existence of unit roots. Finally, the analysis is complemented by the use of the panel stationarity test accounting for structural changes as proposed by Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005) test. Overall, the results do not confirm the hypothesis of convergence for the countries in question, although, more recently, the countries have shown a small decline in their GHG emissions.     

Cost‐effective strategies to mitigate multiple pollutants in an agricultural catchment in North Central Victoria,Australia

Strategies to reduce phosphorus and sediment yields are identified for two Australian catchments using a nonlinear optimisation model. This provides novel insight into the cost‐effective management of dual pollutants of water courses in Australia. A strong degree of complementarity between the two pollutants is highlighted, given the adsorption of phosphorus to sediment that augments the value of gully and streambank management for mitigation. However, the relationship between the two pollutants is asymmetric. A 30 per cent reduction in phosphorus yield achieves a 75 per cent reduction in sediment yield in one catchment, while a 30 per cent reduction in sediment yield achieves only a 12 per cent reduction in phosphorus yield. Sediment abatement costs are low given the efficiency of gully and streambank management. A 30 per cent phosphorus reduction lowers profit by 3–7 per cent, while a 30 per cent sediment reduction lowers profit by around 1 per cent. Land‐use optimisation requires spatial heterogeneity in land‐use and gully/streambank management responses. Overall, this research demonstrates the need to determine whether one pollutant is more important than another, while recognising the potential that mitigation practices possess for the reduction of multiple emissions during their evaluation.     

陕西省推行排污权有偿使用及交易的设想

陕西省环境资源正在遭受着严重破坏,已经严重影响到了人民的生产生活和社会经济的发展,为了改变这种现状,必须构建新的环境资源管理机制,推行排污权有偿使用及交易,促进陕西经济和谐发展。     

黄河流域河南段水文情势影响的累积效应评价

以黄河流域河南段为例,计算出在水利工程不同开发程度时的所对应的水文情势改变度的大小,通过计算结果分析水利工程对水文情势影响的累积作用。     

TiO2光催化氧化脱除氮氧化物研究进展(Ⅰ)

目前,我国的环境污染已经日趋严重,其中氮氧化物是主要的有害物质。本文主要介绍了TiO_2光催化剂催化氧化原理,TiO_2光催化剂的改造,TiO_2光催化剂脱NOx除氮氧化物的见解以及脱除技术展望。     

The effect of a roundabout corridor's design on selecting the optimal crosswalk location: A multi-objective impact analysis

Crosswalks located at mid-block segment between roundabouts can provide a good balance among delay, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, and relative difference between vehicles and pedestrians speed. However, when considering local pollutant criteria, the optimal crosswalk location may be different to that obtained for CO₂. This paper described a multi-objective analysis of pedestrian crosswalk locations, with the objectives of minimizing delay, emissions, and relative difference between vehicles and pedestrians speed. Accounting for the difference between global (e.g., CO₂) and local pollutants (monoxide carbon, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons) was one the main considerations of this work. Vehicle activity along with traffic and pedestrian flows data at six roundabout corridors in Portugal, one in Spain, and one in the United States were collected and extracted. A simulation environment using VISSIM, Vehicle Specific Power, and Surrogate Safety Assessment Model models was used to evaluate traffic operations along the sites. The Fast Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was implemented to further search optimal crosswalk locations. The results yielded improvements to both delay and emissions by using site-optimized crosswalks. The findings also revealed that the spacing between intersections widely influenced the optimal crosswalk location along a mid-block section. If the spacing is low (<100 m), the crosswalk location will be approximately in 20%–30% of the spacing length. For spacing values between 140 and 200 m, crosswalks would be located at the midway position. When a specific pollutant criterion was considered, no significant differences were observed among optimal crosswalk data sets.