The merits of new pollutants and how to get them when patents are granted

The performance of market based environmental regulation is affected by patents and vice versa. This interaction is studied for a type of innovation where a new technology reduces emissions of a specific pollutant but at the same time causes a new type of damage. If the new pollutant associated with this technology is sufficiently different from existing ones such that marginal damage is increasing in each of them but additive across pollutants, a diversification of the pollution portfolio is socially desirable. In a situation where the incentives to develop such a technology are created by patents, the efficiency of permits is affected by monopoly pricing of the patent-holding firm. This result carries over to other types of innovation. The performance of taxes is limited by either the inability to implement specific pollution mixes or monopoly pricing. For constant returns to scale at the industry level the combined use of taxes and permits ensures the first best mix of technologies and provides positive research incentives.      

Administrative Costs and Instrument Choice for Stochastic Non-point Source Pollutants

This paper extends the empiricalanalysis of non-point source pollution to thecase where the pollutant is stochastic andalternative regulatory instruments havedifferent administrative costs. It also appliesa method of stochastic programming whereemissions are log-normally distributed. Forthe Kennet catchment in South West England werank a range of policies in terms of abatementcosts alone, and total costs (abatement andadministrative costs). On the basis ofabatement costs alone, a uniform emission taxis the cost minimising policy, but on the basisof total cost a nitrogen input tax is theleast-cost policy. Furthermore, the policyranking, based on total costs, changes as thereliability standard increases.     

生活源产排污系数在污染源普查中的应用分析

第一次全国污染源普查工作办公室编写的《第一次全国污染源普查生活源产排污系数手册》,为第一次全国污染源普查生活源的污染物产生量和排放量的计算提供了依据。文章通过实例分析生活源产排污系数在污染源普查中的应用。     

江省商业集聚对城乡居民收入差距影响效应研究

文章利用1996-2011年的相关数据,实证分析了浙江省商业集聚对城乡收入差距的影响.结果显示:浙江省商业集聚与城乡收入差距呈负相关关系,两者存在长期均衡关系,且互为Granger因果.商业集聚主要通过改善农村居民信息状况、缓解农村居民资金瓶颈、降低农村居民就业门槛三条影响路径对城乡居民收入差距构成影响.最后,针对性地提出政策建议.     

封闭式基金累计净值增长率分析

从不同角度对我国封闭式基金的累计净值增长率进行了分析,分析结果显示:规模10亿元以下的基金,其规模与累计净值增长率存在强正相关性;规模在20亿元以下的基金,其规模与累计净值增长率也存在正相关性,但不如规模10亿元以下的基金强;基金累计净值增长率与净值收益率也存在正相关性。     

全空气空调下建筑室内空气污染物浓度变化规律

建立了全空气空调系统室内污染物扩散模型,模拟分析了新风量、室外污染物浓度、新风过滤效率和回风旁通系数对室内污染物浓度的影响规律。研究表明,一次回风方式存在着一个临界新风过滤效率,只有大于该临界效率时,增加新风量才能减少室内污染物浓度。     

室内环境污染物检测中采样过程的质量控制

文章对室内空气中苯、TVOC、氨、甲醛、氡检测采样过程的具体步骤及质量控制进行归纳和总结,并对室内采集苯和TVOC所使用的采样器作了进一步的探讨和提出看法,以避免出现采样过程影响检测结果的现象。     

Exploring the dynamic linkages between tourism growth and environmental pollution: new evidence from the Mediterranean countries

ABSTRACT

The present study explores the impact of tourism on environmental pollution using a comprehensive set of air pollutants, namely CO₂, CO, NO_x, SO₂, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀, in a multivariate framework under the context of the Mediterranean countries. The panel cointegration tests indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between environmental pollution, energy consumption, economic development and tourism growth. The tourism-induced EKC hypothesis is validated for four out of six air pollution indicators in the Southern Mediterranean countries, whereas in the Northern Mediterranean region we fail to document any evidence supporting the hypothesis. In addition, tourism growth has a differential impact on different air pollution indicators across regions. The major findings from the panel Granger causality tests show that bidirectional causality exists between four air pollutants (CO₂, NO_x, SO_2, and PM_2.5) and tourism and unidirectional causality runs from CO and PM₁₀ to tourism growth in the Northern Mediterranean. In contrast, there is a feedback relationship between environmental pollution (CO and NO_x) and tourism growth and one-way causality running from environmental pollution (CO₂, SO_2, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) to tourism development in the Southern Mediterranean.     

污染物毒性检测的微生物传感器研究进展

微生物传感器毒性检测是近年来发展起来的一种快速、准确、成本低廉的污染物毒性检测方法,得到了广泛关注。从检测原理出发,综述了国内外应用于污染物毒性检测的微生物传感器及其研究进展。     

The economics of a stock pollutant: Aldicarb on Long Island

This paper develops a dynamic model of groundwater contamination by the pesticide aldicarb on eastern Long Island. We estimate what the likely concentration would have been under static profit maximization and the marginal damage coefficient implied by the New York State health standard of 7 ppb. Based on our model, it appears that the concentration of aldicarb will not decline below 7 ppb until 1996 and that the shadow price of the current health standard is about $475,000 per year.