深圳大鹏半岛经济发展的生态代价分析及相关对策设计

本文描述了深圳大鹏半岛近几年来在环境与资源耗损方面出现的一些不容忽视的消极现象，同时提出了把航拍图片与影带作为今后征地补偿的依据之一，在七娘山区砍伐迹地上适当种植少数几个处于生态系统自然演替进程中早期或中期阶段的乡土灌木和乔木树种，高新技术项目的投资密度不应小于3000元／平方米、容积率不应低于1．0，大鹏半岛不宜再新建或扩建电池生产项目，区镇政府应督促现有电池生产企业在厂区种植重金属超富集植物等主张。     

2011—2016年河北省主要入海河流水质及污染状况分析

为探究河北省主要入海河流的历年水质及近年来污染变化状况,以及对近岸海域可能造成的影响,利用2011—2016年的监测结果,计算了入海河流主要污染物的入海通量,并采用单因子评价法、秩相关系数法等对水质和历年变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明：河北省主要入海河流都出现不同程度的污染,2011—2016年河北省入海河流以劣Ⅴ类水质为主,水质较差。主要污染物高锰酸盐指数和生化需氧量年均入海量在2012年有所上升,2013—2016年呈下降趋势;氨氮和化学需氧量入海量在2011—2013年有所下降,2014—2016年虽有波动,但变化趋势不明显;总磷入海量整体呈现轻微上升趋势。高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量、氨氮、化学需氧量、总磷入海量年均分别为868.7,519.5,216.0,3 641.7,26.6 t/a。因此,加强入海河流污染的综合治理对于完成地表水及近岸海域水质目标考核乃至近岸海域污染防控意义重大。     

Temporal and Spatial Homogeneity in Air Pollutants Panel EKC Estimations

Although panel data have been used intensively by a wealth of studies investigating the GDP-pollution relationship, the poolability assumption used to model these data is almost never addressed. This paper applies a strategy to test the poolability assumption with methods robust to functional misspecification. Nonparametric poolability tests are performed to check the temporal and spatial homogeneity of the panel and their results are compared with the conventional F-tests for a balanced panel of 48 Spanish provinces on four air pollutant emissions (CH₄, CO, CO₂ and NMVOC) over the 1990–2002 period. We show that temporal homogeneity may allow the pooling of the data and drive to well-defined nonparametric and parametric cross-sectional U-inverted shapes for all air pollutants. However, the presence of spatial heterogeneity makes this shape compatible with different time-series patterns in every province—mainly increasing or decreasing depending on the pollutant. These results highlight the extreme sensitivity of the income-pollution relationship to region- or country-specific factors.      

Correlated Pollutants, Interregional Redistribution and Labor Attachment in a Federation

We examine the efficiency of federal policies in a federation characterized by decentralized leadership, imperfect labor mobility and transboundary pollution. Selfish regional governments regulate correlated pollutant emissions by choosing pollution tax and abatement levels in anticipation of the center’s redistributive policy. The center’s objective function obeys a proportional equity principle, which implies that its choice of interregional transfer satisfies the equalization of weighted regional welfare levels. Regional and central governments make their choices subject to migration incentives. We show that the subgame perfect equilibrium for the sequential game played by regional and central governments yields socially optimal policies. An erratum to this article can be found at     

关于我国经济结构存量调整的思考

分析我国经济结构存量调整的必要性和可能性、体制因素以及需要注意的问题。进行经济结构存量调整，既有迫切的要求，又面临一系列的难题．在坚持市场化的改革方向和政府的积极参与下，存量调整与技术创新、制度创新相结合有利于实现经济结构优化和升级。     

Differential Equation Modeling as a Source of Theoretical Insight: Four Disparate Examples

We explore differential equations involving alcoholism, socialmobility, excess female mortality, and international arms competition.In each of these instances we show that the initial equation, orsystem of equations, has a sociological plausibility comparable tothat of the associated solutions; the solutions do indeed describetime-series trajectories that seem to represent important and uniquesocial processes. We argue that the central challenge of differentialequation modeling is to use experimentation to clarifyrelationships between, on the one hand, the equations andtheir coefficients and, on the other, the solutions and thetime-series orbits created by them. Such feedback interaction ofdifferential equations and their solutions appears to be the basis forfurther theoretical insight, and rapid assessments of theseinteractions are now possible largely because modern softwareencourages experimentation with many combinations of inputcoefficients.This paper expands on an argument made by Nielsen and Rosenfeld(1981, p. 161), who recommend that differential equations be interpreted in a way that emphasizes their solutions, i.e., the time-seriestrajectories of Yvalues, the orbits of Y, taken torepresent behavior of dependent variables through time. We concludethat the most edifying interpretations of differential equations focuson the equations themselves, the resulting trajectories, therelationships between equations and trajectories, and the theoreticalsignificance of all three.     

几种典型的土壤污染修复技术综述

土壤污染是当前重要的环境问题之一。本文概述了目前国内外处理污染土壤常用的物理修复、化学修复和生物修复技术以及其研究进展。由于各种修复技术各有所长、各有所短,因此为了克服单一方法的缺点,发挥不同修复技术的长处,对加强研发污染土壤的综合修复技术提出了几方面建议。     

关于计算税收平均发展速度的探讨

本文以 1998～ 2 0 0 2年税收总收入的数据资料 ,应用水平法、一次平均法、二次平均法和累计法分别计算其平均发展速度 ,并用其理论和实际值进行比较分析 ,结果显示了累计法的结果精确 ,认为在税务领域计算平均发展速度时 ,应首选累计法。     

持久性有机污染物的治理与综合控制研究进展

文章从热技术、物理法、化学法、生物法等方面综述了近几年来持久性有机污染物的治理技术以及世界各国对有机污染物的综合控制行动与对策,并提出了解决持久有机污染物危害的措施。     

汽车乘员舱空气品质评价及污染物净化技术研究

在驾驶过程中,汽车乘员舱可视为密闭空间,其内污染物种类繁多且严重影响着舱内的空气品质,危害乘员的身体健康。为了净化舱内污染物、提升空气品质,首先阐述了乘员舱内污染物组成及其与人体健康的联系,然后构建了以舱内污染物指标和舒适性指标为评价因子的空气品质评价体系,和结合客观综合指数及灰相关分析法的评价方法;并根据该评价,创新建立了一套采用先进净化技术的智能空气净化系统,最后总结出整合空气影响因子、评价空气品质、选取控制和净化策略三步骤的舱内空气品质(vehicle interior air quality,VIAQ)管理流程,对汽车乘员舱空气品质提升和未来发展具有重要意义。