Age misreporting: An empirical investigation using the New Zealand contingents in the Second Boer War

This is a first focused examination of age misreporting in military recruitment. We take advantage of an original dataset comprised of New Zealand military personnel records in the Second Boer War matched with birth historical records. First, we find that age misrepresentation is common: about one third of soldiers on our dataset misreport their ages. Second, we find that soldiers the estimated age-specific mean heights do not change significantly when we change from using reported ages to using true ages. Researchers can prioritise the investigation of true ages on those reporting to be 21 or younger.     

The two-way interaction between population aging and industrial transformation

This study examines the relationship between the labour-force age structure and industry composition in a multi-region and multi-sector framework. Relying on a panel dataset of Chinese provinces, the simultaneous equations model reveals two-way influences between age and industrial structures. Population aging induces a (an) reduced (increased) secondary-sector (tertiary-sector) employment share. The industrial structure then changes the age structure of the local labour force via the migrations of young workers as non-agricultural sectors expand. With an improved Leslie model, we predict a province-level population aging and industry structure trend. Accordingly, municipalities, developed coastal provinces and the three northeastern provinces face greater pressure from population aging and a rapid structural, industrial transformation. Further considerations of the ‘two-child policy’ via simulation results show that relaxed birth restrictions could slow population aging in some but not all these provinces.     

Enterprise life cycle,financial technology and digital transformation of banks—Evidence from China

Financial technology formed by the combination of digital technology and traditional finance is gradually changing the financial services model. The development of financial technology has influenced the behaviour of commercial banks. It has promoted the innovation of commercial banks. And it has promoted the digital transformation of commercial banks. In this paper, it is intended to explore the relationship between financial technology and digital transformation of banks through positive analysis. As well as to explore how the age of enterprises listed and enterprise life cycle affect the relationship between financial technology and digital transformation of banks. This paper conducts an empirical research on the data of China's A-share listed banks from 2011 to 2021 using a two-way fixed effects regression method. The results of the research indicate that financial technology promotes banks' digital transformation. Meanwhile, the age of enterprise listing and enterprise life cycle play a positive moderating role in financial technology promoting banks' digital transformation. In this paper, it is the first time to conduct an empirical research with the number of monthly active users of mobile banking as a proxy variable for digital transformation of banks, which enriches the study of financial technology. It has certain reference value for promoting digital transformation of banks.     

Does corruption rule the auditor's soul? Examining the auditors' attitude toward accepting corruption behaviors

This study investigates individual auditors' attitudes toward various corrupt behaviors in Palestine, an underexplored context. We examine the perception and determinants of auditors toward corruption and introduce the link between gender, job position, exposure to other cultures, age, and level of education as factors affecting attitudes toward corruption perception. Our findings reveal that auditors' perception of corruption differs across corrupt behaviors. In most surveyed behaviors, age is negatively associated with acceptance of corruption, and female auditors exhibit a higher attitude toward accepting corruption across various forms. Additionally, the auditor's position and outside education significantly impact their attitude toward accepting corruption. Our work fills an existing literature gap and provides valuable information for targeted regulators and professional bodies aiming to reduce corruption.     

互联网信息技术的年龄偏向性特征检验——基于CHIP和CLDS数据的实证分析

年龄结构和技术背景是影响经济发展的两个重要因素，这两者都会对劳动者的产出效率产生重要的影响。分别采用了CHIP2002、CHIP2007、CLDS2012、CLDS2018四个年份上的横截面数据，对互联网信息技术和年龄产出关系特征进行了纵向对比分析。通过改进的明瑟方程，选定具体的子样本以保证产出效率和工资率的一致性，并对组群效应进行控制。结果表明，互联网信息技术的年龄偏向性特征主要发生在2012-2018期间。这表现为劳动者黄金年龄整体前移，老年劳动者相对年轻和中年群体的相对产出效率显著下降。需要制定灵活化的退休年龄标准，还应充分考虑各职业和岗位上的劳动供求关系。     

网络作家职业生涯周期年龄规律研究——基于中国作协会员中网络作家样本数据

网络作家是一门新兴的职业，对网络作家职业生涯的研究具有重要的现实意义。以中国作协会员中网络作家为研究样本，研究得出：网络作家职业生涯早期职业进入年龄高峰为28岁，绝大多数的网络作家在33岁前已经完成职业进入；网络作家人才曲线为单峰形状，存在峰值32岁，即创作高峰年龄为32岁，此时容易出现职业生涯高原现象；网络作家职业生涯后期的职业退出高峰年龄为40岁，大多数网络作家在54岁前退出了网络作家行业。网络作家职业生涯周期年龄规律明显，从数据上看有“早进入，早退出”的特点。基于年龄规律，可以分析不同职业生涯阶段的特点和存在的问题，从个人、网络文学网站、网络文学管理机构、政府等不同角度制定相应的职业生涯管理策略,帮助网络作家人才成长。     

延长退休年龄挤占就业岗位吗?——基于安徽省芜湖市的调查

随着经济发展,人们预期寿命的延长,中国人口老龄化问题也越来越突出,这在一定程度上给我国的社会保障制度带来了一系列影响。为缓解人口老龄化对于社会保障的压力,有学者提出延长退休年龄的设想。但延长退休年龄遭到了社会某些方面的质疑,主要顾虑是它会挤占当前的社会就业岗位。论文以安徽芜湖市为例,通过问卷调查方式对相关问题进行了实证检验,结果表明延长退休年龄并不会挤占社会就业,相反长期来看还会促进社会就业。     

Retirement policy,employment status,and gender pay gap in urban China

China’s current retirement policy has been in effect since 1978. The legal retirement age is 50 years for female workers, 55 years for female cadres, and 60 years for male cadres and workers; women can retire 5 or 10 years earlier than men. This difference in legal retirement age may affect wage growth in those approaching retirement. Based on China’s Urban Household Survey data set, this study investigated the influence of retirement age differences on the gender pay gap. From age 30 to 49 years, the wage difference between female workers and cadres increased by approximately 15 % more than that of men. After consideration of possible endogeneity problems and demonstration of the robustness of the regression results, the study determined that such differences were likely caused by gender and identity differences at retirement age. Among workers and cadres, the retirement age policy exacerbated gender differences in wages through working hours, wage rate, career promotion, and job change activity in those approaching retirement.     

论现代市场经济的社会组织形态——有价的经济交换与无价的社会交换

在现代市场经济社会中，经济交换与社会交换是行为机理和组织形态的基础性和决定性因素，不仅决定市场经济运行的机理逻辑，而且决定市场经济的社会组织形态。经济交换的特质是有价交换、计量交换，且在均衡条件下是等价交换；社会交换的特质是无价交换、间接交换和异质回报。经济交换的长期化，可以使个体利己行为导向博弈互利，即从个体利己行为导向各方相对获利；社会交换的长期化，可以使个体的非利己行为导向共同利己，即有利于共同体繁荣及各个体获利。企业行为必须适应性地嵌入社会系统；相应地，社会目标被自觉地嵌入企业行为。经济交换的市场机制，是伟大的自发性组织行为模式创造，而社会交换与市场交换的嵌入性组织行为模式，更是人类发展的伟大创造。在新时代，当信息技术广泛应用于经济社会交换过程，数字成为经济性和社会性资源(要素),经济社会的交换机理将发生深刻变化：有价的经济交换和无价的社会交换必须有新的协同方式，推动组织行为和组织效率的创新发展。现代市场经济组织形态和组织行为的合法性和有效性的核心理据和制度逻辑基础，就是经济交换与社会交换行为的性质区分和功能协调。把握经济交换与社会交换的机理逻辑，就能理解现代市场经济发展的组织...     

中国文化转型研究

人是文化的产物,人是时代的产物。文化通过价值观影响人。本文研究了中国文化转型特征,分析了文化如何通过价值观影响人,并借助人性质态测评模型,对不同年龄段的人性质态进行数据统计分析。研究结果显示,现代人的人性质态呈现多样性特征,不同年龄段的人的人性质态的差异显著,折射出社会文化变迁对不同年龄段人的影响是不一样的,不同时代造就具有不同人性质态的人。