Public preferences for post 2020 agri-environmental policy in the Czech Republic: A choice experiment approach

In November 2017 European Union commission presented a communication report summarizing the reform proposal of the post 2020 Common Agriculture Policy (CAP). The reform aims to address the environmental degradation associated with agricultural production as well as change in the structure of CAP payments. To this end, the Ministry of Agriculture in Czech Republic is preparing to set its priorities towards CAP’s reform. In this study we applied a choice experiment to investigate the public preferences for a set of environmental goods and services delivered by agri-environment-climatic voluntary measures (AECMs). A mixed logit model is employed to elicit preferences and explore their heterogeneity. We find that respondents oppose strongly funding removal. Among environmental attributes, water and food quality are the ones with the highest implicit marginal willingness-to-pay values. Preferences for no funding option are heterogeneous with socio-demographic and attitudinal variables explaining some sources of this heterogeneity. A continuation of national funding for the AECMs is expected to lead to a better state of environment with an anticipated positive welfare change of 669–932 mil EUR as opposed to funding removal. The change reflects the estimated welfare change resulting from moving from a low to a medium or to a high preservation state of agri-environmental attributes. We also project the budget change for AECMs considering the level of national funding and given the transfer share between Pillar I and II. Based on our results, we suggest that national funding can be informed by the welfare change scenarios and transfer shares are projected accordingly.     

Impact of trade cost on China-EU agri-food trade

In this research, we investigate trade costs in relation to China-EU trade in agri-food products during 2001–2015. Major components of trade cost include transportation costs, border-related policy barriers such as tariffs, and local distribution costs. Our results indicate that trade costs between China and EU involving agri-food products, although falling, remain abnormally high. Consequently, we find that trade cost reductions contribute to over half of the overall China-EU trade growth. Our decomposition technique demonstrates that economic growth and trade cost reductions are the key drivers of China-EU trade expansion. Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) would reduce high trade costs to increase EU-China bilateral agricultural trade significantly. This is not fully captured in the gravity models where a static distance is usually used as a proxy to trade cost. The BRI will not reduce the distance, but it will cut transportation and other components of trade cost for China-EU trade.     

新型职业农民培育政策实施效果研究——基于四川省农业与农民的双视角

新型职业农民培育是致力于建设新时代新农村的重要途径,也是实施乡村振兴战略的必然要求。以四川省2012~2019年的面板数据为基础,从农业经济和农民收入增长的双视角切入,使用双重差分模型控制相关变量,消除样本内生性问题。通过分析四川省新型职业农民培育对农业和农民的政策效果发现:政策试点区和非试点区的农业经济增长差距较小为0.2%,在2014年后增加为1.1%,增长0.9%;2014年前,政策试点区和非试点区的农民收入增长差距为-1.3%,在2014年后增加为12.5%,培育政策对区域农民收入增长促进效果显著,增长11.2%,基本能够判断现行的新型职业农民培育政策是有效的。     

非农就业视角下城镇化对农业机械化的影响*

本文利用我国420个地级市2001—2013年的面板数据，借鉴城乡二元经济理论，研究城镇化对农业机械化的短期作用和动态影响。主要结论有：（1）资源的稀缺性决定了短期内城镇化和农业机械化之间是竞争关系，资源贫乏的中部地区面临着更加矛盾的抉择。（2）从动态来看，中国高速的城镇化进程降低了农业人口密度，农业生产条件的改变促进了农业机械化水平的提高。（3）当经济发展水平提高后，城镇化和农业机械化的短期竞争关系得到缓解，拉动作用减弱。本文的研究结论为更好地理解现行的乡村振兴战略和城镇化战略的关系提供了一个产业互动的视角。     

基于二叉树模型的农业可转债定价研究——以天康转债为例

以天康转债为例,通过构建二叉树模型对其进行定价研究,可以得到2020年4月3日天康转债的理论价格为180.69元,当日实际价格为176.88元,两者相差不大。为了更加直观地显示运用二叉树模型计算出的理论价格与实际价格的偏差,形成30个交易日的理论价格与实际价格对比图,研究表明二叉树法得出的理论价格与实际价格基本一致。将二叉树定价模型运用到其他农业可转债中,除宏辉转债外,其他可转债理论价格与实际价格偏差不大。     

Understanding rural household behavior: Beyond Boserup and Becker

New data and new methods have provided many new insights into rural households in the past 50 years. We analyze what we have learned from household models since Boserup and Becker, using this to frame more recent findings about household behavior from three types of studies: observational studies, experimental games, and impact evaluations. More sex-disaggregated data, as well as data that are collected at smaller units, such as agricultural plots, have allowed us to better understand agricultural productivity, risk sharing, and spousal cooperation. However, the focus on bargaining within households has often led us to ignore the cooperation that occurs within households. Many resources are owned and managed jointly by household members and many decisions are made jointly, although not all parties necessarily have equal voice in these decisions. Research demonstrating that households often do not reach efficient outcomes suggests that we still have much to learn about rural household behavior. Understanding both individual roles within households and the levels of cooperation, including joint decision making and ownership of resources, is essential to analysis of households, especially in rural areas where households engage in both production and consumption.     

关于提升农业经济管理信息化水平的策略分析

当前,我国经济飞速发展,在经济、文化等各领域发生了巨大的变化。随着信息化时代的来临,农业经济管理同样实现了基于信息化的革新和进步。基于此,论文主要针对如何提升农业经济管理的信息化水平进行深入的探究与讨论,旨在不断推进我国农业经济管理体系的信息化发展。     

发展安徽农业产业化经营的战略思考

农业是我国的立国之本,发展安徽省的农业产业化经营具有重要的战略意义:首先是全面繁荣农村经济,建设农村小康社会的需要;其次是实现农业结构战略性调整,提高农产品竞争力的需要;第三是加快农村劳动力转移,增加农民收入的需要;第四是提高安徽农业生产组织化程度、实现农业现代化的有效手段。推进本省农业产业化的基本途径有:培育、壮大农业产业化龙头企业;发展特色产品,全面实施农业名牌战略;大力实施农产品流通工程;尽快完善利益协调机制。     

农业统一税与农村税费改革

土地革命时期和抗日战争时期，中华苏维埃政府和抗日边区政府根据当时的农业情况和实际，为了增加财政收入，先后建立和完善了农业统一税，取得了良好的效果，积累了丰富的经验，对于我国正在进行的农村税费改革有极其重要的借鉴意义。由于此次改革的根本目的是要减轻农民负担，可以借鉴先前改革经验，进一步深化农村税费改革。     

基于农产品供应链的农业产业化经营研究

农业产业化经营是实现农民增收的有效途径.本文从我国农产品传统“推式“供应链,分析了农业产业化经营中存在的主要问题,并提出了农业产业化“双向驱动“供应链,即:围绕农业核心企业,通过利益机制来组织供应链上下游和调配资源,以保证农户增收和消费者满意的增值链.最后,对供应链的构建和运行保障提出了一些设想.